Proteins having serine/threonine kinase domains, corresponding nucleic acid molecules, and their use

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to the molecule referred to as ALK-1, and its role as a type I receptor for members of the TGF-beta family. The molecule has a role in the phosphorylation of Smad-5 and Smad1, which also act as activators of certain genes. Aspects of the invention relate to this interaction.

This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/039,177 filed Mar. 3, 1998 which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/436,265 filed Oct. 30, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,316,217, which is a National Stage of PCT/GB93/02367 filed Nov. 17, 1993.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to proteins having serine/threonine kinase domains, corresponding nucleic acid molecules, and their use.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily consists of a family of structurally-related proteins, including three different mammalian isoforms of TGF-β (TGF-β1, β2 and β3), activins, inhibins, müllerian-inhibiting substance and bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) (for reviews see Roberts and Sporn, (1990) Peptide Growth Factors and Their Receptors, Pt.1, Sporn and Roberts, eds. (Berlin: Springer-Verlag) pp 419-472; Moses et al (1990) Cell 63, 245-247). The proteins of the TGF-β superfamily have a wide variety of biological activities. TGF-β acts as a growth inhibitor for many cell types and appears to play a central role in the regulation of embryonic development, tissue regeneration, immuno-regulation, as well as in fibrosis and carcinogenesis (Roberts and Sporn (199) see above).

Activins and inhibins were originally identified as factors which regulate secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion (Vale et al (1990) Peptide Growth Factors and Their Receptors, Pt.2, Sporn and Roberts, eds. (Berlin: Springer-Verlag) pp.211-248). Activins were also shown to induce the differentiation of haematopoietic progenitor cells (Murata et al (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 2434-2438; Eto et al (1987) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 142, 1095-1103) and induce mesoderm formation in Xenopus embryos (Smith et al (1990) Nature 345, 729-731; van den Eijnden-Van Raaij et al (1990) Nature 345, 732-734).

BMPs or osteogenic proteins which induce the formation of bone and cartilage when implanted subcutaneously (Wozney et al (1988) Science 242, 1528-1534), facilitate neuronal differentiation (Paralkar et al (1992) J. Cell Biol. 119, 1721-1728) and induce monocyte chemotaxis (Cunningham et al (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 11740-11744). Müllerian-inhibiting substance induces regression of the Müllerian duct in the male reproductive system (Cate et al (1986) Cell 45, 685-698), and a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor enhances survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (Lin et al (1993) Science 260, 1130-1132). The action of these growth factors is mediated through binding to specific cell surface receptors.

Within this family, TGF-β receptors have been most thoroughly characterized. By covalently cross-linking radio-labelled TGF-β to cell surface molecules followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the affinity-labelled complexes, three distinct size classes of cell surface proteins (in most cases) have been identified, denoted receptor type I (53 kd), type II (75 kd), type III or betaglycan (a 300 kd proteoglycan with a 120 kd core protein) (for a review see Massague (1992) Cell 69 1067-1070) and more recently endoglin (a homodimer of two 95 kd subunits) (Cheifetz et al (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267 19027-19030). Current evidence suggests that type I and type II receptors are directly involved in receptor signal transduction (Segarini et al (1989) Mol. Endo., 3, 261-272; Laiho et al (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 9100-9112) and may form a heteromeric complex; the type II receptor is needed for the binding of TGF-β to the type I receptor and the type I receptor is needed for the signal transduction induced by the type II receptor (Wrana et al (1992) Cell, 71, 1003-1004). The type III receptor and endoglin may have more indirect roles, possibly by facilitating the binding of ligand to type II receptors (Wang et al (1991) Cell, 67 797-805; López-Casillas et al (1993) Cell, 73 1435-1444).

Binding analyses with activin A and BMP4 have led to the identification of two co-existing cross-linked affinity complexes of 50-60 kDa and 70-80 kDa on responsive cells (Hino et al (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 10309-10314; Mathews and Vale (1991), Cell 68, 775-785; Paralker et al (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 8913-8917). By analogy with TGF-β receptors they are thought to be signalling receptors and have been named type I and type II receptors.

Among the type II receptors for the TGF-β superfamily of proteins, the cDNA for the activin type II receptor (Act RII) was the first to be cloned (Mathews and Vale (1991) Cell 65, 973-982). The predicted structure of the receptor was shown to be a transmembrane protein with an intracellular serine/threonine kinase domain. The activin receptor is related to the C. elegans daf-1 gene product, but the ligand is currently unknown (Georgi et al (1990) Cell 61, 635-645). Thereafter, another form of the activin type II receptor (activin type IIB receptor), of which there are different splicing variants (Mathews et al (1992), Science 225, 1702-1705; Attisano et al (1992) Cell 68, 97-108), and the TGF-β type II receptor (TβRII) (Lin et al (1992) Cell 68, 775-785) were cloned, both of which have putative serine/threonine kinase domains.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention involves the discovery of related novel peptides, including peptides having the activity of those defined herein as SEQ ID Nos. 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18. Their discovery is based on the realisation that receptor serine/threonine kinases form a new receptor family, which may include the type II receptors for other proteins in the TGF-β superfamily. To ascertain whether there were other members of this family of receptors, a protocol was designed to clone ActRII/daf I related cDNAs. This approach made use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using degenerate primers based upon the amino-acid sequence similarity between kinase domains of the mouse activin type II receptor and daf-I gene products.

This strategy resulted in the isolation of a new family of receptor kinases called Activin receptor like kinases (ALK's) 1-6. These cDNAs showed an overall 33-39% sequence similarity with ActRII and TGF-β type II receptor and 40-92% sequence similarity towards each other in the kinase domains.

Soluble receptors according to the invention comprise at least predominantly the extracellular domain. These can be selected from the information provided herein, prepared in conventional manner, and used in any manner associated with the invention.

Antibodies to the peptides described herein may be raised in conventional manner. By selecting unique sequences of the peptides, antibodies having desired specificity can be obtained.

The antibodies may be monoclonal, prepared in known manner. In particular, monoclonal antibodies to the extracellular domain are of potential value in therapy.

Products of the invention are useful in diagnostic methods, e.g. to determine the presence in a sample for an analyte binding therewith, such as in an antagonist assay. Conventional techniques, e.g. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, may be used.

Products of the invention having a specific receptor activity can be used in therapy, e.g. to modulate conditions associated with activin or TGF-β activity. Such conditions include fibrosis, e.g. liver cirrhosis and pulmonary fibrosis, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and glomeronephritis.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows the alignment of the serine/threonine (S/T) kinase domains (I-VIII) of related receptors from transmembrane proteins, including embodiments of the present invention. The nomenclature of the subdomains is accordingly to Hanks et al (1988). The sequences displayed are (from top to bottom) SEQ ID NO: 30 to 33.

FIGS. 2A to 2D shows the sequences and characteristics of the respective primers used in the initial PCR reactions. The nucleic acid sequences are also given as SEQ ID Nos. 19 to 22.

FIG. 3 is a comparison of the amino-acid sequences of human activin type II receptor (Act R-II)(SEQ ID NO: 34), mouse activin type IIB receptor (Act R-IIB)(SEQ ID NO: 35), human TGF-β type II receptor (TβR-II)(SEQ ID NO: 36), human TGF-β type I receptor (ALK-5)(SEQ ID NO: 10), human activin receptor type IA (ALK-2)(SEQ ID NO:4), and type IB (ALK-4)(SEQ ID NO: 8), ALKs 1 & 3 (SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 6) and mouse ALK-6 (SEQ ID NO: 18).

FIG. 4 shows, schematically, the structures for Daf-1, Act R-II, Act R-IIB, TβR-II, TβR-I/ALK-5, ALK's -1, -2 (Act RIA), -3, -4 (Act RIB) & -6.

FIG. 5 shows the sequence alignment of the cysteine-rich domains of the ALKs (position 34-95 of SEQ ID NO: 2, position 35-99 of SEQ ID NO: 4, position 59-130 of SEQ ID NO: 6, position 34-101 of SEQ ID NO: 8 and position 34-106 of SEQ ID No: 9), TβR-II (position 30-110 of SEQ ID NO: 36), Act R-II (position 29-109 of SEQ ID NO: 34), Act R-IIB (position 49-143 of SEQ ID NO: 35) and daf-1 (position 56-152 of SEQ ID NO: 37) receptors.

FIG. 6 is a comparison of kinase domains of serine/threonine kinases, showing the percentage amino-acid identity of the kinase domains.

FIG. 7 shows the pairwise alignment relationship between the kinase domains of the receptor serine/threonine kinases. The dendrogram was generated using the Jotun-Hein alignment program (Hein (1990) Meth. Enzymol. 183, 626-645).

FIG. 8 depicts the phosphorylation of Smad-5 following interaction with ALK-1 but not following interaction with ALK-5.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEQUENCE LISTINGS

Sequences 1 and 2 are the nucleotide and deduced amino-acid sequences of cDNA for hALK-1 (clone HP57).

Sequences 3 and 4 are the nucleotide and deduced amino-acid sequences of cDNA for hALK-2 (clone HP53).

Sequences 5 and 6 are the nucleotide and deduced amino-acid sequences of cDNA for hALK-3 (clone ONF5).

Sequences 7 and 8 the nucleotide and deduced amino-acid sequences of cDNA for hALK-4 (clone 11H8), complemented with PCR product encoding extracellular domain.

Sequences 9 and 10 are the nucleotide and deduced amino-acid sequences of cDNA for hALK-5 (clone EMBLA).

Sequences 11 and 12 are the nucleotide and deduced amino-acid sequences of cDNA for mALK-1 (clone AM6).

Sequences 13 and 14 are the nucleotide and deduced amino-acid sequences of cDNA for mALK-3 (clones ME-7 and ME-D).

Sequences 15 and 16 are the nucleotide and deduced amino-acid sequences of cDNA for mALK-4 (clone 8a1).

Sequences 17 and 18 are the nucleotide and deduced amino-acid sequences of cDNA for mALK-6 (clone ME-6).

Sequence 19 (B1-S) is a sense primer, extracellular domain, cysteine-rich region, BamHI site at 5′ end, 28-mer, 64-fold degeneracy.

Sequence 20 (B3-S) is a sense primer, kinase domain II, BamHI site at 5′ end, 25-mer, 162-fold degeneracy.

Sequence 21 (B7-S) is a sense primer, kinase domain VIB, S/T kinase specific residues, BamHI site at 5′ end, 24-mer, 288-fold degeneracy.

Sequence 22 (E8-AS) is an anti-sense primer, kinase domain, S/T kinase-specific residues EcoRI site at 5′ end, 20-mer, 18-fold degeneracy.

Sequence 23 is an oligonucleotide probe.

Sequence 24 is a 5′ primer.

Sequence 25 is a 3′ primer.

Sequence 26 is a consensus sequence in Subdomain I.

Sequences 27 and 28 are novel sequence motifs in Subdomain VIB.

Sequence 29 is a novel sequence motif in Subdomain VIII.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As described in more detail below, nucleic acid sequences have been isolated, coding for a new sub-family of serine/threonine receptor kinases. The term nucleic acid molecules as used herein refers to any sequence which codes for the murine, human or mammalian form, amino-acid sequences of which are presented herein. It is understood that the well known phenomenon of codon degeneracy provides for a great deal of sequence variation and all such varieties are included within the scope of this invention.

The nucleic acid sequences described herein may be used to clone the respective genomic DNA sequences in order to study the genes' structure and regulation. The murine and human cDNA or genomic sequences can also be used to isolate the homologous genes from other mammalian species. The mammalian DNA sequences can be used to study the receptors' functions in various in vitro and in vivo model systems.

As exemplified below for ALK-5 cDNA, it is also recognised that, given the sequence information provided herein, the artisan could easily combine the molecules with a pertinent promoter in a vector, so as to produce a cloning vehicle for expression of the molecule. The promoter and coding molecule must be operably linked via any of the well-recognized and easily-practised methodologies for so doing. The resulting vectors, as well as the isolated nucleic acid molecules themselves, may be used to transform prokaryotic cells (e.g. E. coli), or transfect eukaryotes such as yeast (S. cerevisiae), PAE, COS or CHO cell lines. Other appropriate expression systems will also be apparent to the skilled artisan.

Several methods may be used to isolate the ligands for the ALKs. As shown for ALK-5 cDNA, cDNA clones encoding the active open reading frames can be subcloned into expression vectors and transfected into eukaryotic cells, for example COS cells. The transfected cells which can express the receptor can be subjected to binding assays for radioactively-labelled members of the TGF-β superfamily (TGF-β, activins, inhibins, bone morphogenic proteins and mullerian-inhibiting substances), as it may be expected that the receptors will bind members of the TGF-β superfamily. Various biochemical or cell-based assays can be designed to identify the ligands, in tissue extracts or conditioned media, for receptors in which a ligand is not, known. Antibodies raised to the receptors may also be used to identify the ligands, using the immunoprecipitation of the cross-linked complexes. Alternatively, purified receptor could be used to isolate the ligands using an affinity-based approach. The determination of the expression patterns of the receptors may also aid in the isolation of the ligand. These studies may be carried out using ALK DNA or RNA sequences as probes to perform in situ hybridisation studies.

The use of various model systems or structural studies should enable the rational development of specific agonists and antagonists useful in regulating receptor function. It may be envisaged that these can be peptides, mutated ligands, antibodies or other molecules able to interact with the receptors.

The foregoing provides examples of the invention Applicants intend to claim which includes, inter alia, isolated nucleic acid molecules coding for activin receptor-like kinases (ALKs), as defined herein. These include such sequences isolated from mammalian species such as mouse, human, rat, rabbit and monkey.

The following description relates to specific embodiments. It will be understood that the specification and examples are illustrative but not limitative of the present invention and that other embodiments within the spirit and scope of the invention will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art.

Preparation of mRNA and Construction of a cDNA Library

For construction of a cDNA library, poly (A)⁺ RNA was isolated from a human erythroleukemia cell line (HEL 92.1.7) obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC TIB 180). These cells were chosen as they have been shown to respond to both activin and TGF-β. Moreover leukaemic cells have proved to be rich sources for the cloning of novel receptor tyrosine kinases (Partanen et al (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 8913-8917 and (1992) Mol. Cell. Biol. 12, 1698-1707). (Total) RNA was prepared by the guanidinium isothiocyanate method (Chirgwin et al (1979) Biochemistry 18, 5294-5299). mRNA was selected using the poly-A or poly AT tract mRNA isolation kit (Promega, Madison, Wis., U.S.A.) as described by the manufacturers, or purified through an oligo (dT)-cellulose column as described by Aviv and Leder (1972) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 69, 1408-1412. The isolated mRNA was used for the synthesis of random primed (Amersham) cDNA, that was used to make a λgt10 library with 1×10⁵ independent cDNA clones using the Riboclone cDNA synthesis system (Promega) and λgt10 in vitro packaging kit (Amersham) according to the manufacturers' procedures. An amplified oligo (dT) primed human placenta λZAPII cDNA library of 5×10⁵ independent clones was used. Poly (A)⁺ RNA isolated from AG1518 human foreskin fibroblasts was used to prepare a primary random primed λZAPII cDNA library of 1.5×10⁶ independent clones using the RiboClone cDNA synthesis system and Gigapack Gold II packaging extract (Stratagene). In addition, a primary oligo (dT) primed human foreskin fibroblast λgt10 cDNA library (Claesson-Welsh et al (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86 4917-4912) was prepared. An amplified oligo (dT) primed HEL cell λgt11 cDNA library of 1.5×10⁶ independent clones (Poncz et al (1987) Blood 69 219-223) was used. A twelve-day mouse embryo λEXIox cDNA library was obtained from Novagen (Madison, Wis., U.S.A.); a mouse placenta λZAPII cDNA library was also used.

Generation of cDNA Probes by PCR

For the generation of cDNA probes by PCR (Lee et al (1988) Science 239, 1288-1291) degenerate PCR primers were constructed based upon the amino-acid sequence similarity between the mouse activin type II receptor (Mathews and Vale (1991) Cell 65, 973-982) and daf-1 (George et al (1990) Cell 61, 635-645) in the kinase domains II and VIII. FIG. 1 shows the aligned serine/threonine kinase domains (I-VIII), of four related receptors of the TGF-β superfamily, i.e. hTβR-II, mActR-IIB, mActR-II and the daf-1 gene product, using the nomenclature of the subdomains according to Hanks et al (1988) Science 241, 45-52.

Several considerations were applied in the design of the PCR primers. The sequences were taken from regions of homology between the activin type II receptor and the daf-1 gene product, with particular emphasis on residues that confer serine/threonine specificity (see Table 2) and on residues that are shared by transmembrane kinase proteins and not by cytoplasmic kinases. The primers were designed so that each primer of a PCR set had an approximately similar GC composition, and so that self complementarity and complementarity between the 3′ ends of the primer sets were avoided. Degeneracy of the primers was kept as low as possible, in particular avoiding serine, leucine and arginine residues (6 possible codons), and human codon preference was applied. Degeneracy was particularly avoided at the 3′ end as, unlike the 5′ end, where mismatches are tolerated, mismatches at the 3′ end dramatically reduce the efficiency of PCR.

In order to facilitate directional subcloning, restriction enzyme sites were included at the 5′ end of the primers, with a GC clamp, which permits efficient restriction enzyme digestion. The primers utilised are shown in FIG. 2. Oligonucleotides were synthesized using Gene assembler plus (Pharmacia-LKB) according to the manufacturers instructions.

The mRNA prepared from HEL cells as described above was reverse-transcribed into cDNA in the presence of 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.3, 8 mM MgCl₂, 30 mM KCl, 10 mM dithiothreitol, 2 mM nucleotide triphosphates, excess oligo (dT) primers and 34 units of AMV reverse transcriptase at 42° C. for 2 hours in 40 μl of reaction volume. Amplification by PCR was carried out with a 7.5% aliquot (3 μl) of the reverse-transcribed mRNA, in the presence of 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.3, 50 mM KCl, 1.5 M MgCl₂, 0.01% gelatin, 0.2 mM nucleotide triphosphates, 1 μM of both sense and antisense primers and 2.5 units of Taq polymerase (Perkin Elmer Cetus) in 100 μl reaction volume. Amplifications were performed on a thermal cycler (Perkin Elmer Cetus) using the following program: first 5 thermal cycles with denaturation for 1 minute at 94° C., annealing for 1 minute at 50° C., a 2 minute ramp to 55° C. and elongation for 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 20 cycles of 1 minute at 94° C., 30 seconds at 55° C. and 1 minute at 72° C. A second round of PCR was performed with 3 μl of the first reaction as a template. This involved 25 thermal cycles, each composed of 94° C. (1 min), 55° C. (0.5 min), 72° C. (1 min).

General procedures such as purification of nucleic acids, restriction enzyme digestion, gel electrophoresis, transfer of nucleic acid to solid supports and subcloning were performed essentially according to established procedures as described by Sambrook et al, (1989), Molecular cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2^(nd) Ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., USA).

Samples of the PCR products were digested with BamHI and EcoRI and subsequently fractionated by low melting point agarose gel electrophoresis. Bands corresponding to the approximate expected sizes, (see Table 1: ≈460 bp for primer pair B3-S and E8-AS and ≈140 bp for primer pair B7-S and E8-AS) were excised from the gel and the DNA was purified. Subsequently, these fragments were ligated into pUC19 (Yanisch-Perron et al (1985) Gene 33, 103-119), which had been previously linearised with BamHI and EcoR1 and transformed into E. coli strain DH5α using standard protocols (Sambrook et al, supra). Individual clones were sequenced using standard double-stranded sequencing techniques and the dideoxynucleotide chain termination method as described by Sanger et al (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 5463-5467, and T7 DNA polymerase.

Employing Reverse Transcriptase PCR on HEL mRNA with the primer pair B3-S and E8-AS, three PCR products were obtained, termed 11.1, 11.2 and 11.3, that corresponded to novel genes. Using the primer pair B7-S and E8-AS, an additional novel PCR product was obtained termed 5.2.

TABLE 1 SIZE OF DNA FRAG- SEQUENCE SEQUENCE MENT IDENTITY IDENTITY NAME IN WITH BETWEEN OF IN- mActRII/ SEQUENCE mActRII PCR SERT hTβRII mActRII/ and PRO- SIZE CLONES hTβRII TβR-II DUCT PRIMERS (bp) (bp) (%) (%) 11.1 B3-S/E8-AS 460 460 46/40 42 11.2 B3-S/E8-AS 460 460 49/44 47 11.3 B3-S/E8-AS 460 460 44/36 48  11.29 B3-S/E8-AS 460 460 ND/100 ND  9.2 B1-S/E8-AS 800 795 100/ND ND  5.2 B7-S/E8-AS 140 143 40/38 60

Isolation of cDNA Clones

The PCR products obtained were used to screen various cDNA libraries described supra. Labelling of the inserts of PCR products was performed using random priming method (Feinberg and Vogelstein (1983) Anal. Biochem, 132 6-13) using the Megaprime DNA labelling system (Amersham). The oligonucleotide derived from the sequence of the PCR product 5.2 was labelled by phosphorylation with T4 polynucleotide kinase following standard protocols (Sambrook et al, supra). Hybridization and purification of positive bacteriophages were performed using standard molecular biological techniques.

The double-stranded DNA clones were all sequenced using the dideoxynucleotide chain-termination method as described by Sanger et al, supra, using T7 DNA polymerase (Pharmacia-LKB) or Sequenase (U.S. Biochemical Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.). Compressions of nucleotides were resolved using 7-deaza-GTP (U.S. Biochemical Corp.) DNA sequences were analyzed using the DNA STAR computer program (DNA STAR Ltd. U.K.). Analyses of the sequences obtained revealed the existence of six distinct putative receptor serine/threonine kinases which have been named ALK 1-6.

To clone cDNA for ALK-1 the oligo (dT) primed human placenta cDNA library was screened with a radiolabelled insert derived from the PCR product 11.3; based upon their restriction enzyme digestion patterns, three different types of clones with approximate insert sizes of 1.7. kb, 2 kb & 3.5 kb were identified. The 2 kb clone, named HP57, was chosen as representative of this class and subjected to complete sequencing. Sequence analysis of ALK-1 revealed a sequence of 1984 nucleotides including a poly-A tail (SEQ ID No. 1). The longest open reading frame encodes a protein of 503 amino-acids SEQ ID NO: 2, with high sequence similarity to receptor serine/threonine kinases (see below). The first methionine codon, the putative translation start site, is at nucleotide 283-285 and is preceded by an in-frame stop codon. This first ATG is in a more favourable context for translation initiation (Kozak (1987) Nucl. Acids Res., 15, 8125-8148) than the second and third in-frame ATG at nucleotides 316-318 and 325-327. The putative initiation codon is preceded by a 5′ untranslated sequence of 282 nucleotides that is GC-rich (80% GC), which is not uncommon for growth factor receptors (Kozak (1991) J. Cell Biol., 115, 887-903). The 3′ untranslated sequence comprises 193 nucleotides and ends with a poly-A tail. No bona fide poly-A addition signal is found, but there is a sequence (AATACA), 17-22 nucleotides upstream of the poly-A tail, which may serve as a poly-A addition signal.

ALK-2 cDNA was cloned by screening an amplified oligo (dT) primed human placenta cDNA library with a radiolabelled insert derived from the PCR product 11.2. Two clones, termed HP53 and HP64, with insert sizes of 2.7 kb and 2.4 kb respectively, were identified and their sequences were determined. No sequence difference in the overlapping clones was found, suggesting they are both derived from transcripts of the same gene.

Sequence analysis of cDNA clone HP53 (SEQ ID No. 3) revealed a sequence of 2719 nucleotides with a poly-A tail. The longest open reading frame encodes a protein of 509 amino-acids SEQ ID NO:4. The first ATG at nucleotides 104-106 agrees favourably with Kozak's consensus sequence with an A at position 3. This ATG is preceded in-frame by a stop codon. There are four ATG codons in close proximity further downstream, which agree with the Kozak's consensus sequence (Kozak, supra), but according to Kozak's scanning model the first ATG is predicted to be the translation start site. The 5′ untranslated sequence is 103 nucleotides. The 3′ untranslated sequence of 1089 nucleotides contains a polyadenylation signal located 9-14 nucleotides upstream from the poly-A tail. The cDNA clone HP64 lacks 498 nucleotides from the 5′ end compared to HP53, but the sequence extended at the 3′ end with 190 nucleotides and poly-A tail is absent. This suggests that different polyadenylation sites occur for ALK-2. In Northern blots, however, only one transcript was detected (see below).

The cDNA for human ALK-3 was cloned by initially screening an oligo (dT) primed human foreskin fibroblast cDNA library with an oligonucleotide (SEQ ID No. 23) derived from the PCR product 5.2. One positive cDNA clone with an insert size of 3 kb, termed ON11, was identified. However, upon partial sequencing, it appeared that this clone was incomplete; it encodes only part of the kinase domain and lacks the extracelluar domain. The most 5′ sequence of ON11, a 540 nucleotide XbaI restriction fragment encoding a truncated kinase domain, was subsequently used to probe a random primed fibroblast cDNA library from which one cDNA clone with an insert size of 3 kb, termed ONF5, was isolated (SEQ ID No. 5). Sequence analysis of ONF5 revealed a sequence of 2932 nucleotides without a poly-A tail, suggesting that this clone was derived by internal priming. The longest open reading frame codes for a protein of 532 amino-acids SEQ ID NO: 6. The first ATG codon which is compatible with Kozak's consensus sequence (Kozak, supra), is at 310-312 nucleotides and is preceded by an in-frame stop codon. The 5′ and 3′ untranslated sequences are 309 and 1027 nucleotides long, respectively.

ALK-4 cDNA was identified by screening a human oligo (dT) primed human erythroleukemia cDNA library with the radiolabelled insert of the PCR product 11.1 as a probe. One cDNA clone, termed 11H8, was identified with an insert size of 2 kb (SEQ ID No. 7). An open reading frame was found encoding a protein sequence of 383 amino-acids SEQ ID NO:8 encoding a truncated extracellular domain with high similarity to receptor serine/threonine kinases. The 3′ untranslated sequence is 818 nucleotides and does not contain a poly-A tail, suggesting that the cDNA was internally primed. cDNA encoding the complete extracellular domain (nucleotides 1-366) was obtained from HEL cells by RT-PCR with 5′ primer (SEQ ID No. 24) derived in part from sequence at translation start site of SKR-2 (a cDNA sequence deposited in GenBank data base, accesion number L10125, that is identical in part to ALK-4) and 3′ primer (SEQ ID No. 25) derived from 11H8 cDNA clone.

ALK-5 was identified by screening the random primed HEL cell λgt 10 cDNA library with the PCR product 11.1 as a probe. This yielded one positive clone termed EMBLA (insert size of 5.3 kb with 2 internal EcoRI sites). Nucleotide sequencing revealed an open reading frame of 1509 bp, coding for 503 amino-acids. The open reading frame was flanked by a 5′ untranslated sequence of 76 bp, and a 3′ untranslated sequence of 3.7 kb which was not completely sequenced. The nucleotide and deduced amino-acid sequences of ALK-5 are shown in SEQ ID Nos. 9 (nucleotide sequence) and 10 (amino acid sequences). In the 5′ part of the open reading frame, only one ATG codon was found; this codon fulfils the rules of translation initiation (Kozak, supra). An in-frame stop codon was found at nucleotides (−54)-(−52) in the 5′ untranslated region. The predicted ATG start codon is followed by a stretch of hydrophobic amino-acid residues which has characteristics of a cleavable signal sequence. Therefore, the first ATG codon is likely to be used as a translation initiation site. A preferred cleavage site for the signal peptidase, according to von Heijne (1986) Nucl. Acid. Res. 14, 4683-4690, is located between amino-acid residues 24 and 25. The calculated molecular mass of the primary translated product of the ALK-5 without signal sequence is 53,646 Da.

Screening of the mouse embryo λEX Iox cDNA library using PCR, product 11.1 as a probe yielded 20 positive clones. DNAs from the positive clones obtained from this library were digested with EcoRI and HindIII, electrophoretically separated on a 1.3% agarose gel and transferred to nitrocellulose filters according to established procedures as described by Sambrook et al, supra. The filters were then hybridized with specific probes for human ALK-1 (nucleotide 288-670), ALK-2 (nucleotide 1-581), ALK-3 (nucleotide 79-824) or ALK-4 nucleotide 1178-1967). Such analyses revealed that a clone termed ME-7 hybridised with the human ALK-3 probe. However, nucleotide sequencing revealed that this clone was incomplete, and lacked the 5′ part of the translated region. Screening the same cDNA library with a probe corresponding to the extracelluar domain of human ALK-3 (nucleotides 79-824) revealed the clone ME-D. This clone was isolated and the sequence was analyzed. Although this clone was incomplete in the 3′ end of the translated region, ME-7 and ME-D overlapped and together covered the complete sequence of mouse ALK-3. The predicted amino-acid sequence of mouse ALK-3 is very similar to the human sequence; only 8 amino-acid residues differ (98% identity; see SEQ ID No. 14) and the calculated molecular mass of the primary translated product without the putative signal sequence is 57,447 Da.

Of the clones obtained from the initial library screening with PCR product 11.1, four clones hybridized to the probe corresponding to the conserved kinase domain of ALK-4 but not to probes from more divergent parts of ALK-1 to -4. Analysis of these clones revealed that they have an identical sequence which differs from those of ALK-1 to -5 and was termed ALK-6. The longest clone ME6 with a 2.0 kb insert was completely sequenced yielding a 1952 bp fragment consisting of an open reading frame of 1506 bp (502 amino-acids), flanked by a 5′ untranslated sequence of 186 bp, and a 3′ untranslated sequence of 160 bp. The nucleotide and predicted amino-acid sequences of mouse ALK-6 are shown in SEQ ID Nos. 17 and 18. No polyadenylation signal was found in the 3′ untranslated region of ME6, indicating that the cDNA was internally primed in the 3′ end. Only one ATG codon was found in the 5′ part of the open reading frame, which fulfils the rules for translation initiation (Kozak, supra), and was preceded by an in-frame stop codon at nucleotides 163-165. However, a typical hydrophobic leader sequence was not observed at the N terminus of the translated region. Since there is no ATG codon and putative hydrophobic leader sequence, this ATG codon is likely to be used as a translation initiation site. The calculated molecular mass of the primary translated product with the putative signal sequence is 55,576 Da.

Mouse ALK-1 (clone AM6 with 1.9. kb insert) was obtained from the mouse placenta λZAPII cDNA library using human ALK-1 cDNA as a probe (see SEQ ID No. 11). Mouse ALK-4 (clone 8a1 with 2.3 kb insert) was also obtained from this library using human ALK-4 cDNA library as a probe (SEQ ID No. 15).

To summarise, clones HP22, HP57, ONF1, ONF3, ONF4 and HP29 encode the same gene, ALK-1. Clone AM6 encodes mouse ALK-1. HP53, HP64 and HP84 encode the same gene, ALK-2. ONF5, ONF2 and ON11 encode the same gene ALK-3. ME-7 and ME-D encode the mouse counterpart of human ALK-3. 11H8 encodes a different gene ALK-4, whilst 8a1 encodes the mouse equivalent. EMBLA encodes ALK-5, and ME-6 encodes ALK-6.

The sequence alignment between the 6 ALK genes and TβR-II, mActR-II and ActR-IIB is shown in FIG. 3. These molecules have a similar domain structure; an N-terminal predicted hydrophobic signal sequence (von Heijne (1986) Nucl. Acids Res. 14: 4683-4690) is followed by a relatively small extracellular cysteine-rich ligand binding domain, a single hydrophobic transmembrane region (Kyte & Doolittle (1982) J. Mol. Biol. 157, 105-132) and a C-terminal intracellular portion, which consists almost entirely of a kinase domain (FIGS. 3 and 4).

The extracelluar domains of these receptors have cysteine-rich regions, but they show little sequence similarity; for example, less than 20% sequence identity is found between Daf-1, ActR-II, TβR-II and ALK-5. The ALKs appear to form a subfamily as they show higher sequence similarities (15-47% identity) in their extracellular domains. The extracellular domains of ALK-5 and ALK-4 have about 29% sequence identity. In addition, ALK-3 and ALK-6 share a high degree of sequence similarity in their extracellular domains (46% identity).

The positions of many of the cysteine residues in all receptors can be aligned, suggesting that the extracellular domains may adopt a similar structural configuration. See FIG. 5 for ALKs-1, -2, -3 &-5. Each of the ALKs (except ALK-6) has a potential N-linked glycosylation site, the position of which is conserved between ALK-1 and ALK-2, and between ALK-3, ALK-4 and ALK-5 (see FIG. 4).

The sequence similarities in the kinase domains between daf-1, ActR-II, TβR-II and ALK-5 are approximately 40%, whereas the sequence similarity between the ALKs 1 to 6 is higher (between 59% and 90%; see FIG. 6). Pairwise comparison using the Jutun-Hein sequence alignment program (Hein (1990) Meth, Enzymol., 183, 626-645), between all family members, identifies the ALKs as a separate subclass among serine/threonine kinases (FIG. 7).

The catalytic domains of kinases can be divided into 12 subdomains with stretches of conserved amino-acid residues. The key motifs are found in serine/threonine kinase receptors suggesting that they are functional kinases. The consensus sequence for the binding of ATP (Gly-X-Gly-X-X-Gly, SEQ ID NO. 26, in subdomain I followed by a Lys residue further downstream in subdomain II) is found in all the ALKs.

The kinase domains of daf-1, ActR-II, and ALKs show approximately equal sequence similarity with tyrosine and serine/threonine protein kinases. However analysis of the amino-acid sequences in subdomains VI and VIII, which are the most useful to distinguish a specificity for phosphorylation of tyrosine residues versus serine/threonine residues (Hanks et al (1988) Science 241 42-52) indicates that these kinases are serine/threonine kinases; refer to Table 2.

SUBDOMAINS KINASE VIB VIII Serine/threonine DLKPEN G (T/S) XX (Y/F) X kinase consensus SEQ ID NO: 38 SEQ ID NO: 43 Tyrosine kinase consensus DLAARN XP(I/V) (K/R) W (T/M) SEQ ID NO: 39 SEQ ID NO:44 Act R-II DIKSKN GTRRYM SEQ ID NO: 40 SEQ ID NO:45 Act R-IIB DFKSKN GTRRYM SEQ ID NO: 41 SEQ ID NO:45 TβR-II DLKSSN GTARYM SEQ ID NO: 42 SEQ ID NO:46 ALK-I DFKSRN GTKRYM SEQ ID NO: 27 SEQ ID NO: 29 ALK -2, -3, -4, -5, & -6 DLKSKN GTKRYM SEQ ID NO: 28 SEQ ID NO: 29

The sequence motifs DLKSKN (Subdomain VIB) and GTKRYM (Subdomain VIII), that are found it most of the serine/threonine kinase receptors, agree well with the consensus sequences for all protein serine/threbnine kinase receptors in these regions. In addition, these receptors, except for ALK-1, do not have a tyrosine residue surrounded by acidic residues between subdomains VII and VIII, which is common for tyrosine kinases. A unique characteristic of the members of the ALK serine/threonine kinase receptor family is the presence of two short inserts in the kinase domain between subdomains VIA and VIB and between subdomains X and XI. In the intracellular domain, these regions, together with the juxtamembrane part and C-terminal tail, are the most divergent between family members (see FIGS. 3 and 4). Based on the sequence similarity with the type II receptors for TGF-β and activin, the C termini of the kinase domains of ALKs-1 to -6 are set at Ser-495, Ser-501, Ser-527, Gln-500, Gln-498 and Ser-497, respectively.

mRNA Expression

The distribution of ALK-1, -2, -3, -4 was determined by Northern blot analysis. A Northern blot filter with mRNAs from different human tissues was obtained from Clontech (Palo Alto, Calif.). The filters were hybridized with ³²P-labelled probes at 42° C. overnight in 50% formaldehyde, 5×standard saline citrate (SSC; 1×SSC is 50 mM sodium citrate, pH 7.0, 150 mM NaCl), 0.1% SDS, 50 mM sodium phosphate, 5×Denhardt's solution and 0.1 mg/ml salmon sperm DNA. In order to minimize cross-hybridization, probes were used that did not encode part of the kinase domains, but corresponded to the highly diverged sequences of either 5′ untranslated and ligand-binding regions (probes for ALK-1, -2 and -3) or 3′ untranslated sequences (probe for ALK-4). The probes were labelled by random priming using the Multiprime (or Mega-prime) DNA labelling system and [α-³²P] dCTP (Feinberg & Vogelstein (1983) Anal. Biochem. 132: 6-13). Unincorporated label was removed by Sephadex G-25 chromatography. Filters were washed at 65° C., twice for 30 minutes in 2.5×SSC, 0.1% SDS and twice for 30 minutes in 0.3×SSC, 0.1% SDS before being exposed to X-ray film. Stripping of blots was performed by incubation at 90-100° C. in water for 20 minutes.

Our further analysis suggest ALK-1 is endothelial cell specific.

The ALK-5 mRNA size and distribution were determined by Northern blot analysis as above. An EcoR1 fragment of 980 bp of the full length ALK-5 cDNA clone, corresponding to the C-terminal part of the kinase domain and 3′ untranslated region (nucleotides 1259-2232 in SEQ ID No. 9) was used as a probe. The filter was washed twice in 0.5×SSC, 0.1% SDS at 550° C. for 15 minutes.

Using the probe for ALK-1, two transcripts of 2.2 and 4.9 kb were detected. The ALK-1 expression level varied strongly between different tissues, high in placenta and lung, moderate in heart, muscle and kidney, and low (to not detectable) in brain, liver and pancreas. The relative ratios between the two transcripts were similar in most tissues; in kidney, however, there was relatively more of the 4.9 kb transcript. By reprobing the blot with a probe for ALK-2, one transcript of 4.0 kb was detected with a ubiquitous expression pattern. Expression was detected in every tissue investigated and was highest in placenta and skeletal muscle. Subsequently the blot was reprobed for ALK-3. One major transcript of 4.4 kb and a minor transcript of 7.9 kb were detected. Expression was high in skeletal muscle, in which also an additional minor transcript of 10 kb was observed. Moderate levels of ALK-3 mRNA were detected in heart, placenta, kidney and pancreas, and low (to not detectable) expression was found in brain, lung and liver. The relative ratios between the different transcripts were similar in the tested tissues, the 4.4 kb transcript being the predominant one, with the exception for brain where both transcripts were expressed at a similar level. Probing the blot with ALK-4 indicated the presence of a transcript with the estimated size of 5.2 kb and revealed an ubiquitous expression pattern. The results of Northern blot analysis using the probe for ALK-5 showed that a 5.5 kb transcript is expressed in all human tissues tested, being most abundant in placenta and least abundant in brain and heart.

The distribution of mRNA for mouse ALK-3 and -6 in various mouse tissues was also determined by Northern blot analysis. A multiple mouse tissue blot was obtained from Clontech, Palo Alto, Calif., U.S.A. The filter was hybridized as described above with probes for mouse ALK-3 and ALK-6. The EcoRI-PstI restriction fragment, corresponding to nucleotides 79-1100 of ALK-3, and the SacI-HpaI fragment, corresponding to nucleotides 57-720 of ALK-6, were used as probes. The filter was washed at 65° C. twice for 30 minutes in 2.5×SSC, 0.1% SDS and twice for 30 minutes with 0.3×SSC, 0.1% SDS and then subjected to autoradiography.

Using the probe for mouse ALK-3, a 1.1 kb transcript was found only in spleen. By reprobing the blot with the ALK-6 specific probe, a transcript of 7.2 kb was found in brain and a weak signal was also seen in lung. No other signal was seen in the other tissues tested, i.e. heart, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and testis.

All detected transcript sizes were different, and thus no cross-reaction between mRNAs for the different ALKs was observed when the specific probes were used. This suggests that the multiple transcripts of ALK-1 and ALK-3 are coded from the same gene. The mechanism for generation of the different transcripts is unknown at present; they may be formed by alternative mRNA splicing, differential polyadenylation, use of different promoters, or by a combination of these events. Differences in mRNA splicing in the regions coding for the extracellular domains may lead to the synthesis of receptors with different affinities for ligands, as was shown for mActR-IIB (Attisano et al (1992) Cell 68, 97-108) or to the production of soluble binding protein.

The above experiments describe the isolation of nucleic acid sequences coding for new family of human receptor kinases. The cDNA for ALK-5 was then used to determine the encoded protein size and binding properties.

Properties of the ALKs cDNA Encoded Proteins

To study the properties of the proteins encoded by the different ALK cDNAs, the cDNA for each ALK was subcloned into a eukaryotic expression vector and transfected into various cell types and then subjected to immunoprecipitation using a rabbit antiserum raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to part of the intracellular juxtamembrane region. This region is divergent in sequence between the various serine/threonine kinase receptors. The following amino-acid residues were used:

ALK-1 145-166 ALK-2 151-172 ALK-3 181-202 ALK-4 153-171 ALK-5 158-179 ALK-6 151-168

The rabbit antiserum against ALK-5 was designated VPN.

The peptides were synthesized with an Applied Biosystems 430A Peptide Synthesizer using t-butoxycarbonyl chemistry and purified by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The peptides were coupled to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (Calbiochem-Behring) using glutaraldehyde, as described by Guillick et al (1985) EMBO J. 4, 2869-2877. The coupled peptides were mixed with Freunds adjuvant and used to immunize rabbits.

Transient Transfection of the ALK-5 cDNA

COS-1 cells (American Type Culture Collection) and the R mutant of Mv1Lu cells (for references, see below) were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 100 units/ml penicillin and 50 μg lml streptomycin in 5% CO₂ atmosphere at 37° C. The ALK-5 cDNA (nucleotides (−76)-2232), which includes the complete coding region, was cloned in the pSV7d vector (Truett et al, (1985). DNA 4, 333-349), and used for transfection. Transfection into COS-1 cells was performed by the calcium phosphate precipitation method (Wigler et al (1979) Cell 16, 777-785). Briefly, cells were seeded into 6-well cell culture plates at a density of 5×10⁵ cells/well, and transfected the following day with 10 μg of recombinant plasmid. After overnight incubation, cells were washed three times with a buffer containing 25 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 138 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 0.7 mM CaCl₂, 0.5 mM MgCl₂ and 0.6 mM Na₂HPO₄, and then incubated with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing FBS and antibiotics. Two days after transfection, the cells were metabolically labelled by incubating the cells for 6 hours in methionine and cysteine-free MCDB 104 medium with 150 μCi/ml of [³⁵S]-methionine and [³⁵S]-cysteine (in vivo labelling mix; Amersham). After labelling, the cells were washed with 150 mM NaCl, 25 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, and then solubilized with a buffer containing 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, 1% Triton X-100, 1% deoxycholate, 1.5% Trasylol (Bayer) and 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF; Sigma). After 15 minutes on ice, the cell lysates were pelleted by centrifugation, and the supernatants were then incubated with 7 μl of preimmune serum for 1.5 hours at 4° C. Samples were then given 50 μl of protein A-Sepharose (Pharmacia-LKB) slurry (50% packed beads in 150 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 0.2% Triton X100) and incubated for 45 minutes at 4° C. The beads were spun down by centrifugation, and the supernatants (1 ml) were then incubated with either 7 μl of preimmune serum or the VPN antiserum for 1.5 hours at 4° C. For blocking, 10 μg of peptide was added together with the antiserum. Immune complexes were then given 50 μl of protein A-Sepharose (Pharmacia-LKB) slurry (50% packed beads in 150 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 0.2% Triton X-100) and incubated for 45 minutes at 4° C. The beads were spun down and washed four times with a washing buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 500 mM NaCl, 1% Triton X-100, 1% deoxycholate and 0.2% SDS), followed by one wash in distilled water. The immune complexes were eluted by boiling for 5 minutes in the SDS-sample buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.8, 0.01% bromophenol blue, 36% glycerol, 4% SDS) in the presence of 10 mM DTT, and analyzed by SDS-gel electrophoresis using 7-15% polyacrylamide gels (Blobel and Dobberstein, (1975) J. Cell Biol. 67, 835-851). Gels were fixed, incubated with Amplify (Amersham) for 20 minutes, and subjected to fluorography. A component of 53 Da was seen. This component was not seen when preimmune serum was used, or when 10 μg blocking peptide was added together with the antiserum. Moreover, it was not detectable in samples derived from untransfected COS-1 cells using either preimmune serum or the antiserum.

Digestion with Endoglycosidase F

Samples immunoprecipitated with the VPN antisera obtained as described above were incubated with 0.5 U of endoglycosidase F (Boehringer Mannheim Biochemica) in a buffer containing 100 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.1, 50 mM EDTA, 1% Triton X-100, 0.1% SDS and 1% β-mercaptoethanol at 37° C. for 24 hours. Samples were eluted by boiling for 5 minutes in the SDS-sample buffer, and analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as described above. Hydrolysis of N-linked carbohydrates by endoglycosidase F shifted the 53 kDa band to 51 kDa. The extracelluar domain of ALK-5 contains one potential acceptor site for N-glycosylation and the size of the deglycosylated protein is close to the predicted size of the core protein.

Establishment of PAE Cell Lines Expressing ALK-5

In order to investigate whether the ALK-5 cDNA encodes a receptor for TGF-β, porcine aortic endothelial (PAE) cells were transfected with-an expression vector containing the ALK-5 cDNA, and analyzed for the binding of ¹²⁵I-TGF-β1.

PAE cells were cultured in Ham's F-12 medium supplemented with 10% FBS and antibiotics (Miyazono et al., (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 6407-6415). The ALK-5 cDNA was cloned into the cytomegalovirus (CMV)-based expression vector pcDNA I/NEO (Invitrogen), and transfected into PAE cells by electroporation. After 48 hours, selection was initiated by adding Geneticin (G418 sulphate; Gibco-BRL) to the culture medium at a final concentration of 0.5 mg/ml (Westermark et al., (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 128-132). Several clones were obtained, and after analysis by immunoprecipitation using the VPN antiserum, one clone denoted PAE/TβR-1 was chosen and further analyzed.

Iodination of TGF-β1, Binding and Affinity Crosslinking

Recombinant human TGF-β1 was iodinated using the chloramine T method according to Frolik et al., (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 10995-11000. Cross-linking experiments were performed as previously described (Ichijo et al., (1990) Exp. Cell Res. 187, 263-269). Briefly, cells in 6-well plates were washed with binding buffer (phosphate-buffered saline containing 0.9 mM CaCl₂, 0.49 mM MgCl₂ and 1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (BSA)), and incubated on ice in the same buffer with ¹²⁵T-TGF-β1 in the presence or absence of excess unlabelled TGF-β1 for 3 hours. Cells were washed and cross-linking was done in the binding buffer without BSA together with 0.28 mM disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS; Pierce Chemical Co.) for 15 minutes on ice. The cells were harvested by the addition of 1 ml of detachment buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1 mM EDTA, 10% glycerol, 0.3 mM PMSF). The cells were pelleted by centrifugation, then resuspended in 50 μl of solubilization buffer (125 mM NaCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1 mM EDTA, 1% Triton X-100, 0.3 mM PMSF, 1% Trasylol) and incubated for 40 minutes on ice. Cells were centrifuged again and supernatants were subjected to analysis by SDS-gel electrophoresis using 4-15% polyacrylamide gels, followed by autoradiography. ¹²⁵I-TGF-β1 formed a 70 kDa cross-linked complex in the transfected PAE cells (PAE/TβR-I cells). The size of this complex was very similar to that of the TGF-β type I receptor complex observed at lower amounts in the untransfected cells. A concomitant increase of 94 kDa TGF-β type II receptor complex could also be observed in the PAE/TβR-I cells. Components of 150-190 kDa, which may represent crosslinked complexes between the type I and type II receptors, were also observed in the PAE/TβR-I cells.

In order to determine whether the cross-linked 70 kDa complex contained the protein encoded by the ALK-5 cDNA, the affinity cross-linking was followed by immunoprecipitation using the VPN antiserum. For this, cells in 25 cm² flasks were used. The supernatants obtained after cross-linking were incubated with 7 μl of preimmune serum or VPN antiserum in the presence or absence of 10 μg of peptide for 1.5 h at 4° C. Immune complexes were then added to 50 μl of protein A-Sepharose slurry and incubated for 45 minutes at 4° C. The protein A-Sepharose beads were washed four times with the washing buffer, once with distilled water, and the samples were analyzed by SDS-gel electrophoresis using 4-15% polyacrylamide gradient gels and autoradiography. A 70 kDa cross-linked complex was precipitated by the VPN antiserum in PAE/TβR-1 cells, and a weaker band of the same size was also seen in the untransfected cells, indicating that the untransfected PAE cells contained a low amount of endogenous ALK-5. The 70 kDa complex was not observed-when preimmune serum was used, or when immune serum was blocked by 10 μg of peptide. Moreover, a coprecipitated 94 kDa component could also be observed in the PAE/TβR-I cells. The latter component is likely to represent a TGF-β type II receptor complex, since an antiserum, termed DRL, which was raised against a synthetic peptide from the C-terminal part of the TGF-β type II receptor, precipitated a 94 kDa TGF-β type II receptor complex, as well as a 70 kDa type I receptor complex from PAE/TβR-I cells.

The carbohydrate contents of ALK-5 and the TGF-β type II receptor were characterized by deglycosylation using endoglycosidase F as described above and analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. The ALK-5 cross-linked complex shifted from 70 kDa to 66 kDa, whereas that of the type II receptor shifted from 94 kDa to 82 kDa. The observed larger shift of the type II receptor band compared with that of the ALK-5 band is consistent with the deglycosylation data of the type I and type II receptors on rat liver cells reported previously (Cheifetz et al (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 16984-16991), and fits well with the fact that the porcine TGF-β type II receptor has two N-glycosylation sites (Lin et al (1992) Cell 68, 775-785), whereas ALK-5 has only one (see SEQ ID No. 9).

Binding of TGF-β1 to the type I receptor is known to be abolished by transient treatment of the cells with dithiothreitol (DTT) (Cheifetz and Massague. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 20767-20772; Wrana et al (1992) Cell 71, 1003-1014). When analyzed by affinity cross-linking, binding. of ¹²⁵I-TGF-β1 to ALK-5, but not to the type II receptor, was completely abolished by DTT treatment of PAE/TβR-1 cells. Affinity cross-linking followed by immunoprecipitation by the VPN antiserum showed that neither the ALK-5 nor the type II receptor complexes was precipitated after DTT treatment, indicating that the VPN antiserum reacts only with ALK-5. The data show that the VPN antiserum recognizes a TGF-β type I receptor, and that the type I and type II receptors form a heteromeric complex.

¹²⁵I-TGF-β1 Binding & Affinity Crosslinking of Transfected COS Cells

Transient expression plasmids of ALKs-1 to -6 and TβR-II were generated by subcloning into the pSV7d expression vector or into the pcDNA I expression vector (Invitrogen). Transient transfection of COS-1 cells and iodination of TGF-β1 were carried out as described above. Crosslinking and immunoprecipitation were performed as described for PAE cells above.

Transfection of cDNAs for ALKs into COS-1 cells did not show any appreciable binding of ¹²⁵I-TGFβ1, consistent with the observation that type I receptors do not bind TGF-β in the absence of type II receptors. When the TβR-II cDNA was co-transfected with cDNAs for the different ALKs, type I receptor-like complexes were seen, at different levels, in each case. COS-1 cells transfected with TβR-II and ALK cDNAs were analyzed by affinity crosslinking followed by immunoprecipitation using the DRL antisera or specific antisera against ALKs. Each one of the ALKs bound ¹²⁵I-TGF-β1 and was coimmunoprecipitated with the TβR-II complex using the DRL antiserum. Comparison of the efficiency of the different ALKs to form heteromeric complexes with TβR-II, revealed that ALK-5 formed such complexes more efficiently than the other ALKs. The size of the crosslinked complex was larger for ALK-3 than for other ALKS, consistent with its slightly larger size.

Expression of the ALK Protein in Different Cell Types

Two different approaches were used to elucidate which ALK's are physiological type I receptors for TGF-β.

Firstly, several cell lines were tested for the expression of the ALK proteins by cross-linking followed by immunoprecipitation using the specific antiseras against ALKs and the TGF-β type II receptor. The mink lung epithelial cell line, Mv1Lu, is widely used to provide target cells for TGF-β action and is well, characterized regarding TGF-β receptors (Laiho et al (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 18518-18524; Laiho et al (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 9108-9112). Only the VPN antiserum efficiently precipitated both type I and type II TGF-β receptors in the wild type Mv1Lu cells. The DRL antiserum also precipitated components with the same size as those precipitated by the VPN antiserum. A mutant cell line (R mutant) which lacks the TGF-β type I receptor and does not respond to TGF-β (Laiho et al, supra) was also investigated by cross-linking followed by immunoprecipitation. Consistent with the results obtained by Laiho et al (1990), supra the type III and type II TGF-β receptor complexes, but not the type I receptor complex, were observed by affinity crosslinking. Crosslinking followed by immunoprecipatition using the DRL antiserum revealed only the type II receptor complex, whereas neither the type I nor type II receptor complexes was seen using the VPN antiserum. When the cells were metabolically labelled and subjected to immunoprecipitation using the VPN antiserum, the 53 kDa ALK-5 protein was precipitated in both the wild-type and R mutant Mv1Lu cells. These results suggest that the type I receptor expressed in the R mutant is ALK-5, which has lost the affinity for binding to TGF-β after mutation.

The type I and type II TGF-β receptor complexes could be precipitated by the VPN and DRL antisera in other cell lines, including human foreskin fibroblasts (AG1518), human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549), and human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (HSC-2). Affinity cross-linking studies revealed multiple TGF-β type I receptor-like complexes of 70-77 kDa in these cells. These components were less efficiently competed by excess unlabelled TGF-β1 in HSC-2 cells. Moreover, the type II receptor complex was low or not detectable in A549 and HSC-2 cells. Cross-linking followed by immunoprecipitation revealed that the VPN antiserum precipitated only the 70 kDa complex among the 70-77 kDa components. The DRL antiserum precipitated the 94 kDa type II receptor complex as well as the 70 kDa type I receptor complex in these cells, but not the putative type I receptor complexes of slightly larger sizes. These results suggest that multiple type I TGF-β receptors may exist and that the 70 kDa complex containing ALK-5 forms a heteromeric complex with the TGF-β type II receptor cloned by Lin et al (1992) Cell 68, 775-785, more efficiently that the other species. In rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) which have been reported to have no TGF-β receptor complexes by affinity cross-linking (Massagué et al (1990) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 593, 59-72), neither VPN nor DRL antisera precipitated the TGF-β receptor complexes. The antisera against ALKs-1 to -4 and ALK6 did not efficiently immunoprecipitate the crosslinked receptor complexes in porcine aortic endothelial (PAE) cells or human foreskin fibroblasts.

Next, it was investigated whether ALKs could restore responsiveness to TGF-β in the R mutant of Mv1Lu cells, which lack the ligand-binding ability of the TGF-β type I receptor but have intact type II receptor. Wild-type Mv1Lu cells and mutant cells were transfected with ALK cDNA and were then assayed for the production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) which is produced as a result of TGF-β receptor activation as described previously by Laiho et al (1991) Mol. Cell Biol. 11, 972-978. Briefly, cells were added with or without 10 ng/ml of TGF-β1 for 2 hours in serum-free MCDB 104 without methionine. Thereafter, cultures were labelled with [³⁵S] methionine (40 μCi/ml) for 2 hours. The cells were removed by washing on ice once in PBS, twice in 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 1 mM PMSF, twice in 2 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), and once in PBS. Extracellular matrix proteins were extracted by scraping cells into the SDS-sample buffer containing DTT, and analyzed by SDS-gel electrophoresis followed by fluorography using Amplify. PAI-1 can be identified as a characteristic 45 kDa band (Laiho et al (1991) Mol. Cell Biol. 11, 972-978). Wild-type Mv1Lu cells responded to TGF-β and produced PAI-1, whereas the R mutant clone did not, even after stimulation by TGF-β1. Transient transfection of the ALK-5 cDNA into the R mutant clone led to the production of PAI-1 in response to the stimulation by TGF-β1, indicating that the ALK-5 cDNA encodes a functional TGF-β type I receptor. In contrast, the R mutant cells that were transfected with other ALKs did not produce PAI-1 upon the addition of TGF-β1.

Using similar approaches as those described above for the identification of TGF-β-binding ALKs, the ability of ALKs to bind activin in the presence of ActRII was examined. COS-1 cells were co-transfected as described above. Recombinant human activin A was iodinated using the chloramine T method (Mathews and Vale (1991) Cell 65, 973-982). Transfected COS-1 cells were analysed for binding and crosslinking of ¹²⁵I-activin A in the presence or absence of excess unlabelled activin A. The crosslinked complexes were subjected to immunoprecipitation using DRL antisera or specific ALK antisera.

All ALKs appear to bind activin A in the presence of Act R-II. This is more clearly demonstrated by affinity cross-linking followed by immunopreciptation. ALK-2 and ALK-4 bound ¹²⁵I-activin A and were coimmunoprecipitated with ActR-II. Other ALKs also bound ¹²⁵I-activin A but with a lower efficiency compared to ALK-2 and ALK-4.

In order to investigate whether ALKs are physiological activin type I receptors, activin responsive cells were examined for the expression of endogenous activin type I receptors. Mv1Lu cells, as well as the R mutant, express both type I and type II receptors for activin, and the R mutant cells produce PAI-1 upon the addition of activin A. Mv1Lu cells were labeled with ¹²⁵I-activin A, cross-linked and immunoprecipitated by the antisera against ActR-II or ALKs as described above.

The type I and type II receptor complexes in Mv1Lu cells were immunoprecipitated only by the antisera against ALK-2, ALK-4 and ActR-II. Similar results were obtained using the R mutant cells. PAE cells do not bind activin because of the lack of type II receptors for activin, and so cells were transfected with a chimeric receptor, to enable them to bind activin, as described herein. A plasmid (chim A) containing the extracelluar domain and C-terminal tail of Act R-II (amino-acids −19 to 116 and 465 to 494, respectively (Mathews and Vale (1991) Cell, 65, 973-982)) and the kinase domain of TβR-II (amino-acids 160-543) (Lin et al (1992) Cell, 68, 775-785) was constructed and transfected into pcDNA/neo (Invitrogen). PAE cells were stably transfected with the chim A plasmid by electroporation, and cells expressing the chim A protein were established as described previously. PAE/Chim A cells were then subjected to ¹²⁵I-activin A labelling crosslinking and immunoprecipitation as described above.

Similar to Mv1Lu cells, activin type I receptor complexes in PAE/Chim A cells were immunoprecipitated by the ALK-2 and ALK-4 antisera. These results show that both ALK-2 and ALK-4 serve as high affinity type I receptors for activin A in these cells.

ALK-1, ALK-3 and ALK-6 bind TGF-β1 and activin A in the presence of their respective type II receptors, but the functional consequences of the binding of the ligands remains to be elucidated.

The experiments described supra suggested further experiments. Specifically, it is known that TGF-β family members acts as ligands in connection with specific type I and type II receptors, with resulting complexes interacting with members of the Smad family. See Heldin et al., Nature 390: 465-471 (1997), incorporated by reference. The Smad molecules are homologs of molecules found in Drosophila (“Mad”), and C. elegans (Sma), hence, the acronym “Smad”. These are involved in signal transduction pathways downstream of serine/threonine kinase receptors. See Massagué et al., Trends Cell Biol. 2: 187-192 (1997). The different members of the family have different signaling roles. Smad1, for example, as well as Smad 2 and 3, and perhaps Smad 5, became phosphorylated via specific type 1 serine/threonine kinase receptors, and act in pathway restricted fashion. For example, Xenopus Mad1 induces ventral mesoderm, in the presence of BMP. The human Smad1 has been shown to have ventralizing activity. See Liu et al., Nature 381: 620-623 (1996); Kretzschmer et al., Genes Dev 11: 984-995 (1997). There is also some evidence that TGF-β phosphorylates Smad1. See Lechleider et al., J. Biol. Chem. 271: 17617-17620 (1996); Yingling et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 8940-8944 (1996). Given what was known regarding this complex signaling pathway, the role of ALK-1 was studied.

COS-7 cells, which do not express ALK-1, were transfected with cDNA encoding tagged ALK-1. The tag was hemagluttinin (hereafter “HA”), and a commercially available lipid containing transfecting agent was used. In parallel experiments, porcine aortic endothelial (PAE) cells were also used, because these cells express TGFβ type II receptors, and ALK-5, but not ALK-1. Hence, PAE cells were either transfected, or not. Transfection protocols are given, supra.

The cells were then contacted with ¹²⁵I labelled TGF-β1, and were then contacted with ALK-1 specific antisera, to ascertain whether cross linking had occurred. See the experiments, supra, as well as ten Dijke et al., Science 264: 101-104 (1994), incorporated by reference. Antisera to ALK-5 were also used.

The results indicated that the ALK-1 antiserum immunoprecipitated complexes of the appropriate size from the transfected COS-7 and PAE cells, but not those which were not transfected, thereby establishing that ALK-1 is a receptor for TGF-β.

This was confirmed in experiments on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). These cells are known to express ALK-1 endogenously, as well as ALK-5. The ALK-5 antiserum and the ALK-1 antiserum both immunoprecipitated type I and type II receptor cross linked complexes. The ALK-1 antiserum immunoprecipitated band migrated slightly more slowly than the band immunprecipitated by the ALK-5 antiserum (see, e.g., FIG. 8). This is in agreement with the difference in size of ALK-1 and ALK-5, and it indicates that both ALK-1 and ALK-5 bind TGF-β in HUVECS.

Further, it shows that ALK-1 acts as a co-called “type I” TGF-β receptor in an endogenous, physiological setting.

Once it was determined that TGF-β and ALK-1 interact, studies were carried out to determine whether or not activation of ALK-1 resulted in phosphorylation of Smads. To test this, COS-7 cells were transfected in the same manner described supra with either Flag tagged Smad1, Flag tagged Smad2 or Flag tagged Smad-5 together with either a constitutively active form of ALK-1, or a constitutively active form of ALK-5. Specifically, the variant of ALK-1 is Q201D, and that of ALK-5 is T204D. Constitutively active ALK-1 was used to avoid the need for an additional transfection step. To elaborate, it is known that for the TGF-β pathway to function adequately, a complex of two, type I receptors, and two, type II receptors must interact, so as to activate the receptors. Constitutively active receptors, such as what was used herein, do not require the presence of the type II receptor to function. See Wieser et al., EMBO J 14: 2199-2208 (1995). In order to determine if the resulting transfected cells produced phosphorylated Smads, Smads were determined using a Flag specific antibody, which precipitated them, and phosphorylation was determined using the antiphosphoserine antibody of Nishimura et al., J. Biol. Chem. 273: 1872-1879 (1998). It was determined, when the data were analyzed, that Smad1 and Smad-5 (an intracellular signalling molecule which is structurally highly similar to Smad1) were phosphorylated following interaction with activated ALK-1, but not following interaction of TGF-β and ALK-5. Conversely, the interaction of TGF-β and ALK-5 led to phosphorylation of Smad 2, but not Smad 1. This supports a conclusion that ALK-1 transduces signal in a manner similar to BMPs.

FIG. 8 depicts the phosphorylation of Smad-5 following interaction with ALK-1 but not ALK-5. Phosphorylation of both Smad-5 and Smad1 has been shown for BMP type I receptors suggesting ALK-1 is functionally very similar to ALK3 (BMPR-IA) and (ALK6 BMPR-IB).

Additional experiments were then carried out to study the interaction of ALK-1 with Smad-1. Specifically, COS-7 cells were transfected with cDNA which encoded the wild type form of the TGFβ type II receptor (TBR-II), a kinase inactive form of ALK-1, and Flag tagged Smad-1. Kinase inactive ALK-1 was used, because the interaction of Smad-1 and receptors is known to be transient, as once Smads are phosphorylated they dissociate from the type I receptor. See Marcias-Silva et al., Cell 87: 1215-1224 (1996); Nakao et al., EMBO J 16: 5353-5362 (1997). Affinity cross-linking, using ¹²⁵I-TGF-β1, and immunoprecipitation with Flag antibody was carried out, as discussed supra. The expression of ALK-1 was determined using anti-HA antibody, since the vector used to express ALK-1 effectively tagged it with HA.

The immunoprecipitating of Smad1 resulted in coprecipitation of a cross linked TBR-II/ALK-1 complex, suggesting a direct association of Smad1 with ALK-1.

These examples show that one can identify molecules which inhibit, or enhance expression of a gene whose expression is regulated by phosphorylated Smad1. To elaborate, as ALK-1 has been identified as a key constituent of the pathway by which Smad1 is phosphorylated, one can contact cells which express both Smad1 and ALK-1 with a substance of interest, and then determine if the Smad1 becomes phosphorylated. The cells can be those which inherently express both ALK-1 and Smad1, or which have been transformed or transfected with DNA encoding one or both of these. One can determine the phosphorylation via, e.g., the use of anti phosphorylated serine antibodies, as discussed supra. In an especially preferred embodiment, the assay can be carried out using TGF-β, as a competing agent. The TGF-β, as has been shown, does bind to ALK-1, leading to phosphorylation of Smad1. Hence, by determining a value with TGF-β alone, one can then compare a value determined with amounts of the substance to be tested, in the presence of TGF-β. Changes in phosphorylation levels can thus be attributed to the test substance.

In this type of system, it must be kept in mind that both type I receptors and type II receptors must be present; however, as indicated, supra, one can eliminate the requirement for a type II receptor by utilizing a constitutively active form of ALK-1, such as the form described supra. Additional approaches to inhibiting this system will be clear to the skilled artisan. For example, since it is known that there is interaction between Smad1 and the ALK-1 receptor, one can test for inhibition via the use of small molecules which inhibit the receptor/Smad interaction. Heldin et al., supra, mention Smad6 and Smad7 as Smad1 inhibitors, albeit in the context of a different system. Hence one can test for inhibition, or inhibit the interaction, via adding a molecule to be tested or for actual inhibition to a cell, wherein the molecule is internalized by the cell, followed by assaying for phosphdrylation, via a method such as is discussed supra.

In a similar way, one can assay for inhibitors of type I/type II receptor interaction, by testing the molecule of interest in a system which includes both receptors, and then assaying for phorphorylation.

Conversely, activators or agonists can also be tested for, or utilized, following the same type of procedures.

Via using any of these systems, one can identify any gene or genes which are activated by phosphorylated Smad1. To elaborate, the art is very familiar with systems of expression analysis, such as differential display PCR, subtraction hybridization, and other systems which combine driver and testes populations of nucleic acids, whereby transcripts which are expressed or not expressed can be identified. By simply using an activator/inhibitor of the system disclosed herein, on a first sample, and a second sample where none is used, one can then carry out analysis of transcript, thereby determining the transcripts of interest.

Also a part of the invention is the regulation of a phosphorylation of Smad-1 or Smad-5, with inhibitors, such as antibodies against the extracellular domain of ALK-1 or TGF-β, or enhancers, such as TGF-β itself, or those portions of the TGF-β molecule which are necessary for binding. Indeed, by appropriate truncation, one can also determine what portions of ALK-1 are required for phosphorylation of Smad1 or Smad-5 to take place.

The invention has been described by way of example only, without restriction of its scope. The invention is defined by the subject matter herein, including the claims that follow the immediately following full Sequence Listings.

46 1 1984 DNA Homo sapiens 1 aggaaacggt ttattaggag ggagtggtgg agctgggcca ggcaggaaga cgctggaata 60 agaaacattt ttgctccagc ccccatccca gtcccgggag gctgccgcgc cagctgcgcc 120 gagcgagccc ctccccggct ccagcccggt ccggggccgc gccggacccc agcccgccgt 180 ccagcgctgg cggtgcaact gcggccgcgc ggtggagggg aggtggcccc ggtccgccga 240 aggctagcgc cccgccaccc gcagagcggg cccagaggga ccatgacctt gggctccccc 300 aggaaaggcc ttctgatgct gctgatggcc ttggtgaccc agggagaccc tgtgaagccg 360 tctcggggcc cgctggtgac ctgcacgtgt gagagcccac attgcaaggg gcctacctgc 420 cggggggcct ggtgcacagt agtgctggtg cgggaggagg ggaggcaccc ccaggaacat 480 cggggctgcg ggaacttgca cagggagctc tgcagggggc gccccaccga gttcgtcaac 540 cactactgct gcgacagcca cctctgcaac cacaacgtgt ccctggtgct ggaggccacc 600 caacctcctt cggagcagcc gggaacagat ggccagctgg ccctgatcct gggccccgtg 660 ctggccttgc tggccctggt ggccctgggt gtcctgggcc tgtggcatgt ccgacggagg 720 caggagaagc agcgtggcct gcacagcgag ctgggagagt ccagtctcat cctgaaagca 780 tctgagcagg gcgacacgat gttgggggac ctcctggaca gtgactgcac cacagggagt 840 ggctcagggc tccccttcct ggtgcagagg acagtggcac ggcaggttgc cttggtggag 900 tgtgtgggaa aaggccgcta tggcgaagtg tggcggggct tgtggcacgg tgagagtgtg 960 gccgtcaaga tcttctcctc gagggatgaa cagtcctggt tccgggagac tgagatctat 1020 aacacagtat tgctcagaca cgacaacatc ctaggcttca tcgcctcaga catgacctcc 1080 cgcaactcga gcacgcagct gtggctcatc acgcactacc acgagcacgg ctccctctac 1140 gactttctgc agagacagac gctggagccc catctggctc tgaggctagc tgtgtccgcg 1200 gcatgcggcc tggcgcacct gcacgtggag atcttcggta cacagggcaa accagccatt 1260 gcccaccgcg acttcaagag ccgcaatgtg ctggtcaaga gcaacctgca gtgttgcatc 1320 gccgacctgg gcctggctgt gatgcactca cagggcagcg attacctgga catcggcaac 1380 aacccgagag tgggcaccaa gcggtacatg gcacccgagg tgctggacga gcagatccgc 1440 acggactgct ttgagtccta caagtggact gacatctggg cctttggcct ggtgctgtgg 1500 gagattgccc gccggaccat cgtgaatggc atcgtggagg actatagacc acccttctat 1560 gatgtggtgc ccaatgaccc cagctttgag gacatgaaga aggtggtgtg tgtggatcag 1620 cagaccccca ccatccctaa ccggctggct gcagacccgg tcctctcagg cctagctcag 1680 atgatgcggg agtgctggta cccaaacccc tctgcccgac tcaccgcgct gcggatcaag 1740 aagacactac aaaaaattag caacagtcca gagaagccta aagtgattca atagcccagg 1800 agcacctgat tcctttctgc ctgcaggggg ctgggggggt ggggggcagt ggatggtgcc 1860 ctatctgggt agaggtagtg tgagtgtggt gtgtgctggg gatgggcagc tgcgcctgcc 1920 tgctcggccc ccagcccacc cagccaaaaa tacagctggg ctgaaacctg aaaaaaaaaa 1980 aaaa 1984 2 503 PRT Homo sapiens 2 Met Thr Leu Gly Ser Pro Arg Lys Gly Leu Leu Met Leu Leu Met Ala 1 5 10 15 Leu Val Thr Gln Gly Asp Pro Val Lys Pro Ser Arg Gly Pro Leu Val 20 25 30 Thr Cys Thr Cys Glu Ser Pro His Cys Lys Gly Pro Thr Cys Arg Gly 35 40 45 Ala Trp Cys Thr Val Val Leu Val Arg Glu Glu Gly Arg His Pro Gln 50 55 60 Glu His Arg Gly Cys Gly Asn Leu His Arg Glu Leu Cys Arg Gly Arg 65 70 75 80 Pro Thr Glu Phe Val Asn His Tyr Cys Cys Asp Ser His Leu Cys Asn 85 90 95 His Asn Val Ser Leu Val Leu Glu Ala Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Glu Gln 100 105 110 Pro Gly Thr Asp Gly Gln Leu Ala Leu Ile Leu Gly Pro Val Leu Ala 115 120 125 Leu Leu Ala Leu Val Ala Leu Gly Val Leu Gly Leu Trp His Val Arg 130 135 140 Arg Arg Gln Glu Lys Gln Arg Gly Leu His Ser Glu Leu Gly Glu Ser 145 150 155 160 Ser Leu Ile Leu Lys Ala Ser Glu Gln Gly Asp Thr Met Leu Gly Asp 165 170 175 Leu Leu Asp Ser Asp Cys Thr Thr Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Leu Pro Phe 180 185 190 Leu Val Gln Arg Thr Val Ala Arg Gln Val Ala Leu Val Glu Cys Val 195 200 205 Gly Lys Gly Arg Tyr Gly Glu Val Trp Arg Gly Leu Trp His Gly Glu 210 215 220 Ser Val Ala Val Lys Ile Phe Ser Ser Arg Asp Glu Gln Ser Trp Phe 225 230 235 240 Arg Glu Thr Glu Ile Tyr Asn Thr Val Leu Leu Arg His Asp Asn Ile 245 250 255 Leu Gly Phe Ile Ala Ser Asp Met Thr Ser Arg Asn Ser Ser Thr Gln 260 265 270 Leu Trp Leu Ile Thr His Tyr His Glu His Gly Ser Leu Tyr Asp Phe 275 280 285 Leu Gln Arg Gln Thr Leu Glu Pro His Leu Ala Leu Arg Leu Ala Val 290 295 300 Ser Ala Ala Cys Gly Leu Ala His Leu His Val Glu Ile Phe Gly Thr 305 310 315 320 Gln Gly Lys Pro Ala Ile Ala His Arg Asp Phe Lys Ser Arg Asn Val 325 330 335 Leu Val Lys Ser Asn Leu Gln Cys Cys Ile Ala Asp Leu Gly Leu Ala 340 345 350 Val Met His Ser Gln Gly Ser Asp Tyr Leu Asp Ile Gly Asn Asn Pro 355 360 365 Arg Val Gly Thr Lys Arg Tyr Met Ala Pro Glu Val Leu Asp Glu Gln 370 375 380 Ile Arg Thr Asp Cys Phe Glu Ser Tyr Lys Trp Thr Asp Ile Trp Ala 385 390 395 400 Phe Gly Leu Val Leu Trp Glu Ile Ala Arg Arg Thr Ile Val Asn Gly 405 410 415 Ile Val Glu Asp Tyr Arg Pro Pro Phe Tyr Asp Val Val Pro Asn Asp 420 425 430 Pro Ser Phe Glu Asp Met Lys Lys Val Val Cys Val Asp Gln Gln Thr 435 440 445 Pro Thr Ile Pro Asn Arg Leu Ala Ala Asp Pro Val Leu Ser Gly Leu 450 455 460 Ala Gln Met Met Arg Glu Cys Trp Tyr Pro Asn Pro Ser Ala Arg Leu 465 470 475 480 Thr Ala Leu Arg Ile Lys Lys Thr Leu Gln Lys Ile Ser Asn Ser Pro 485 490 495 Glu Lys Pro Lys Val Ile Gln 500 3 2724 DNA Homo sapiens 3 ctccgagtac cccagtgacc agagtgagag aagctctgaa cgagggcacg cggcttgaag 60 gactgtgggc agatgtgacc aagagcctgc attaagttgt acaatggtag atggagtgat 120 gattcttcct gtgcttatca tgattgctct cccctcccct agtatggaag atgagaagcc 180 caaggtcaac cccaaactct acatgtgtgt gtgtgaaggt ctctcctgcg gtaatgagga 240 ccactgtgaa ggccagcagt gcttttcctc actgagcatc aacgatggct tccacgtcta 300 ccagaaaggc tgcttccagg tttatgagca gggaaagatg acctgtaaga ccccgccgtc 360 ccctggccaa gctgtggagt gctgccaagg ggactggtgt aacaggaaca tcacggccca 420 gctgcccact aaaggaaaat ccttccctgg aacacagaat ttccacttgg aggttggcct 480 cattattctc tctgtagtgt tcgcagtatg tcttttagcc tgcctgctgg gagttgctct 540 ccgaaaattt aaaaggcgca accaagaacg cctcaatccc cgagacgtgg agtatggcac 600 tatcgaaggg ctcatcacca ccaatgttgg agacagcact ttagcagatt tattggatca 660 ttcgtgtaca tcaggaagtg gctctggtct tccttttctg gtacaaagaa cagtggctcg 720 ccagattaca ctgttggagt gtgtcgggaa aggcaggtat ggtgaggtgt ggaggggcag 780 ctggcaaggg gaaaatgttg ccgtgaagat cttctcctcc cgtgatgaga agtcatggtt 840 cagggaaacg gaattgtaca acactgtgat gctgaggcat gaaaatatct taggtttcat 900 tgcttcagac atgacatcaa gacactccag tacccagctg tggttaatta cacattatca 960 tgaaatggga tcgttgtacg actatcttca gcttactact ctggatacag ttagctgcct 1020 tcgaatagtg ctgtccatag ctagtggtct tgcacatttg cacatagaga tatttgggac 1080 ccaagggaaa ccagccattg cccatcgaga tttaaagagc aaaaatattc tggttaagaa 1140 gaatggacag tgttgcatag cagatttggg cctggcagtc atgcattccc agagcaccaa 1200 tcagcttgat gtggggaaca atccccgtgt gggcaccaag cgctacatgg cccccgaagt 1260 tctagatgaa accatccagg tggattgttt cgattcttat aaaagggtcg atatttgggc 1320 ctttggactt gttttgtggg aagtggccag gcggatggtg agcaatggta tagtggagga 1380 ttacaagcca ccgttctacg atgtggttcc caatgaccca agttttgaag atatgaggaa 1440 ggtagtctgt gtggatcaac aaaggccaaa catacccaac agatggttct cagacccgac 1500 attaacctct ctggccaagc taatgaaaga atgctggtat caaaatccat ccgcaagact 1560 cacagcactg cgtatcaaaa agactttgac caaaattgat aattccctcg acaaattgaa 1620 aactgactgt tgacattttc atagtgtcaa gaaggaagat ttgacgttgt tgtcattgtc 1680 cagctgggac ctaatgctgg cctgactggt tgtcagaatg gaatccatct gtctccctcc 1740 ccaaatggct gctttgacaa ggcagacgtc gtacccagcc atgtgttggg gagacatcaa 1800 aaccacccta acctcgctcg atgactgtga actgggcatt tcacgaactg ttcacactgc 1860 agagactaat gttggacaga cactgttgca aaggtaggga ctggaggaac acagagaaat 1920 cctaaaagag atctgggcat taagtcagtg gctttgcata gctttcacaa gtctcctaga 1980 cactccccac gggaaactca aggaggtggt gaatttttaa tcagcaatat tgcctgtgct 2040 tctcttcttt attgcactag gaattctttg cattccttac ttgcactgtt actcttaatt 2100 ttaaagaccc aacttgccaa aatgttggct gcgtactcca ctggtctgtc tttggataat 2160 aggaattcaa tttggcaaaa caaaatgtaa tgtcagactt tgctgcattt tacacatgtg 2220 ctgatgttta caatgatgcc gaacattagg aattgtttat acacaacttt gcaaattatt 2280 tattacttgt gcacttagta gtttttacaa aactgctttg tgcatatgtt aaagcttatt 2340 tttatgtggt cttatgattt tattacagaa atgtttttaa cactatactc taaaatggac 2400 attttctttt attatcagtt aaaatcacat tttaagtgct tcacatttgt atgtgtgtag 2460 actgtaactt tttttcagtt catatgcaga acgtatttag ccattaccca cgtgacacca 2520 ccgaatatat tatcgattta gaagcaaaga tttcagtaga attttagtcc tgaacgctac 2580 ggggaaaatg cattttcttc agaattatcc attacgtgca tttaaactct gccagaaaaa 2640 aataactatt ttgttttaat ctactttttg tatttagtag ttatttgtat aaattaaata 2700 aactgttttc aagtcaaaaa aaaa 2724 4 509 PRT Homo sapiens 4 Met Val Asp Gly Val Met Ile Leu Pro Val Leu Ile Met Ile Ala Leu 1 5 10 15 Pro Ser Pro Ser Met Glu Asp Glu Lys Pro Lys Val Asn Pro Lys Leu 20 25 30 Tyr Met Cys Val Cys Glu Gly Leu Ser Cys Gly Asn Glu Asp His Cys 35 40 45 Glu Gly Gln Gln Cys Phe Ser Ser Leu Ser Ile Asn Asp Gly Phe His 50 55 60 Val Tyr Gln Lys Gly Cys Phe Gln Val Tyr Glu Gln Gly Lys Met Thr 65 70 75 80 Cys Lys Thr Pro Pro Ser Pro Gly Gln Ala Val Glu Cys Cys Gln Gly 85 90 95 Asp Trp Cys Asn Arg Asn Ile Thr Ala Gln Leu Pro Thr Lys Gly Lys 100 105 110 Ser Phe Pro Gly Thr Gln Asn Phe His Leu Glu Val Gly Leu Ile Ile 115 120 125 Leu Ser Val Val Phe Ala Val Cys Leu Leu Ala Cys Leu Leu Gly Val 130 135 140 Ala Leu Arg Lys Phe Lys Arg Arg Asn Gln Glu Arg Leu Asn Pro Arg 145 150 155 160 Asp Val Glu Tyr Gly Thr Ile Glu Gly Leu Ile Thr Thr Asn Val Gly 165 170 175 Asp Ser Thr Leu Ala Asp Leu Leu Asp His Ser Cys Thr Ser Gly Ser 180 185 190 Gly Ser Gly Leu Pro Phe Leu Val Gln Arg Thr Val Ala Arg Gln Ile 195 200 205 Thr Leu Leu Glu Cys Val Gly Lys Gly Arg Tyr Gly Glu Val Trp Arg 210 215 220 Gly Ser Trp Gln Gly Glu Asn Val Ala Val Lys Ile Phe Ser Ser Arg 225 230 235 240 Asp Glu Lys Ser Trp Phe Arg Glu Thr Glu Leu Tyr Asn Thr Val Met 245 250 255 Leu Arg His Glu Asn Ile Leu Gly Phe Ile Ala Ser Asp Met Thr Ser 260 265 270 Arg His Ser Ser Thr Gln Leu Trp Leu Ile Thr His Tyr His Glu Met 275 280 285 Gly Ser Leu Tyr Asp Tyr Leu Gln Leu Thr Thr Leu Asp Thr Val Ser 290 295 300 Cys Leu Arg Ile Val Leu Ser Ile Ala Ser Gly Leu Ala His Leu His 305 310 315 320 Ile Glu Ile Phe Gly Thr Gln Gly Lys Pro Ala Ile Ala His Arg Asp 325 330 335 Leu Lys Ser Lys Asn Ile Leu Val Lys Lys Asn Gly Gln Cys Cys Ile 340 345 350 Ala Asp Leu Gly Leu Ala Val Met His Ser Gln Ser Thr Asn Gln Leu 355 360 365 Asp Val Gly Asn Asn Pro Arg Val Gly Thr Lys Arg Tyr Met Ala Pro 370 375 380 Glu Val Leu Asp Glu Thr Ile Gln Val Asp Cys Phe Asp Ser Tyr Lys 385 390 395 400 Arg Val Asp Ile Trp Ala Phe Gly Leu Val Leu Trp Glu Val Ala Arg 405 410 415 Arg Met Val Ser Asn Gly Ile Val Glu Asp Tyr Lys Pro Pro Phe Tyr 420 425 430 Asp Val Val Pro Asn Asp Pro Ser Phe Glu Asp Met Arg Lys Val Val 435 440 445 Cys Val Asp Gln Gln Arg Pro Asn Ile Pro Asn Arg Trp Phe Ser Asp 450 455 460 Pro Thr Leu Thr Ser Leu Ala Lys Leu Met Lys Glu Cys Trp Tyr Gln 465 470 475 480 Asn Pro Ser Ala Arg Leu Thr Ala Leu Arg Ile Lys Lys Thr Leu Thr 485 490 495 Lys Ile Asp Asn Ser Leu Asp Lys Leu Lys Thr Asp Cys 500 505 5 2932 DNA Homo sapiens 5 gctccgcgcc gagggctgga ggatgcgttc cctggggtcc ggacttatga aaatatgcat 60 cagtttaata ctgtcttgga attcatgaga tggaagcata ggtcaaagct gtttggagaa 120 aatcagaagt acagttttat ctagccacat cttggaggag tcgtaagaaa gcagtgggag 180 ttgaagtcat tgtcaagtgc ttgcgatctt ttacaagaaa atctcactga atgatagtca 240 tttaaattgg tgaagtagca agaccaatta ttaaaggtga cagtacacag gaaacattac 300 aattgaacaa tgactcagct atacatttac atcagattat tgggagccta tttgttcatc 360 atttctcgtg ttcaaggaca gaatctggat agtatgcttc atggcactgg gatgaaatca 420 gactccgacc agaaaaagtc agaaaatgga gtaaccttag caccagagga taccttgcct 480 tttttaaagt gctattgctc agggcactgt ccagatgatg ctattaataa cacatgcata 540 actaatggac attgctttgc catcatagaa gaagatgacc agggagaaac cacattagct 600 tcagggtgta tgaaatatga aggatctgat tttcagtgca aagattctcc aaaagcccag 660 ctacgccgga caatagaatg ttgtcggacc aatttatgta accagtattt gcaacccaca 720 ctgccccctg ttgtcatagg tccgtttttt gatggcagca ttcgatggct ggttttgctc 780 atttctatgg ctgtctgcat aattgctatg atcatcttct ccagctgctt ttgttacaaa 840 cattattgca agagcatctc aagcagacgt cgttacaatc gtgatttgga acaggatgaa 900 gcatttattc cagttggaga atcactaaaa gaccttattg accagtcaca aagttctggt 960 agtgggtctg gactaccttt attggttcag cgaactattg ccaaacagat tcagatggtc 1020 cggcaagttg gtaaaggccg atatggagaa gtatggatgg gcaaatggcg tggcgaaaaa 1080 gtggcggtga aagtattctt taccactgaa gaagccagct ggtttcgaga aacagaaatc 1140 taccaaactg tgctaatgcg ccatgaaaac atacttggtt tcatagcggc agacattaaa 1200 ggtacaggtt cctggactca gctctatttg attactgatt accatgaaaa tggatctctc 1260 tatgacttcc tgaaatgtgc tacactggac accagagccc tgcttaaatt ggcttattca 1320 gctgcctgtg gtctgtgcca cctgcacaca gaaatttatg gcacccaagg aaagcccgca 1380 attgctcatc gagacctaaa gagcaaaaac atcctcatca agaaaaatgg gagttgctgc 1440 attgctgacc tgggccttgc tgttaaattc aacagtgaca caaatgaagt tgatgtgccc 1500 ttgaatacca gggtgggcac caaacgctac atggctcccg aagtgctgga cgaaagcctg 1560 aacaaaaacc acttccagcc ctacatcatg gctgacatct acagcttcgg cctaatcatt 1620 tgggagatgg ctcgtcgttg tatcacagga gggatcgtgg aagaatacca attgccatat 1680 tacaacatgg taccgagtga tccgtcatac gaagatatgc gtgaggttgt gtgtgtcaaa 1740 cgtttgcggc caattgtgtc taatcggtgg aacagtgatg aatgtctacg agcagttttg 1800 aagctaatgt cagaatgctg ggcccacaat ccagcctcca gactcacagc attgagaatt 1860 aagaagacgc ttgccaagat ggttgaatcc caagatgtaa aaatctgatg gttaaaccat 1920 cggaggagaa actctagact gcaagaactg tttttaccca tggcatgggt ggaattagag 1980 tggaataagg atgttaactt ggttctcaga ctctttcttc actacgtgtt cacaggctgc 2040 taatattaaa cctttcagta ctcttattag gatacaagct gggaacttct aaacacttca 2100 ttctttatat atggacagct ttattttaaa tgtggttttt gatgcctttt tttaagtggg 2160 tttttatgaa ctgcatcaag acttcaatcc tgattagtgt ctccagtcaa gctctgggta 2220 ctgaattgcc tgttcataaa acggtgcttt ctgtgaaagc cttaagaaga taaatgagcg 2280 cagcagagat ggagaaatag actttgcctt ttacctgaga cattcagttc gtttgtattc 2340 tacctttgta aaacagccta tagatgatga tgtgtttggg atactgctta ttttatgata 2400 gtttgtcctg tgtccttagt gatgtgtgtg tgtctccatg cacatgcacg ccgggattcc 2460 tctgctgcca tttgaattag aagaaaataa tttatatgca tgcacaggaa gatattggtg 2520 gccggtggtt ttgtgcttta aaaatgcaat atctgaccaa gattcgccaa tctcatacaa 2580 gccatttact ttgcaagtga gatagcttcc ccaccagctt tattttttaa catgaaagct 2640 gatgccaagg ccaaaagaag tttaaagcat ctgtaaattt ggactgtttt ccttcaacca 2700 ccattttttt tgtggttatt atttttgtca cggaaagcat cctctccaaa gttggagctt 2760 ctattgccat gaaccatgct tacaaagaaa gcacttctta ttgaagtgaa ttcctgcatt 2820 tgatagcaat gtaagtgcct ataaccatgt tctatattct ttattctcag taacttttaa 2880 aagggaagtt atttatattt tgtgtataat gtgctttatt tgcaaatcac cc 2932 6 532 PRT Homo sapiens 6 Met Thr Gln Leu Tyr Ile Tyr Ile Arg Leu Leu Gly Ala Tyr Leu Phe 1 5 10 15 Ile Ile Ser Arg Val Gln Gly Gln Asn Leu Asp Ser Met Leu His Gly 20 25 30 Thr Gly Met Lys Ser Asp Ser Asp Gln Lys Lys Ser Glu Asn Gly Val 35 40 45 Thr Leu Ala Pro Glu Asp Thr Leu Pro Phe Leu Lys Cys Tyr Cys Ser 50 55 60 Gly His Cys Pro Asp Asp Ala Ile Asn Asn Thr Cys Ile Thr Asn Gly 65 70 75 80 His Cys Phe Ala Ile Ile Glu Glu Asp Asp Gln Gly Glu Thr Thr Leu 85 90 95 Ala Ser Gly Cys Met Lys Tyr Glu Gly Ser Asp Phe Gln Cys Lys Asp 100 105 110 Ser Pro Lys Ala Gln Leu Arg Arg Thr Ile Glu Cys Cys Arg Thr Asn 115 120 125 Leu Cys Asn Gln Tyr Leu Gln Pro Thr Leu Pro Pro Val Val Ile Gly 130 135 140 Pro Phe Phe Asp Gly Ser Ile Arg Trp Leu Val Leu Leu Ile Ser Met 145 150 155 160 Ala Val Cys Ile Ile Ala Met Ile Ile Phe Ser Ser Cys Phe Cys Tyr 165 170 175 Lys His Tyr Cys Lys Ser Ile Ser Ser Arg Arg Arg Tyr Asn Arg Asp 180 185 190 Leu Glu Gln Asp Glu Ala Phe Ile Pro Val Gly Glu Ser Leu Lys Asp 195 200 205 Leu Ile Asp Gln Ser Gln Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Leu Pro Leu 210 215 220 Leu Val Gln Arg Thr Ile Ala Lys Gln Ile Gln Met Val Arg Gln Val 225 230 235 240 Gly Lys Gly Arg Tyr Gly Glu Val Trp Met Gly Lys Trp Arg Gly Glu 245 250 255 Lys Val Ala Val Lys Val Phe Phe Thr Thr Glu Glu Ala Ser Trp Phe 260 265 270 Arg Glu Thr Glu Ile Tyr Gln Thr Val Leu Met Arg His Glu Asn Ile 275 280 285 Leu Gly Phe Ile Ala Ala Asp Ile Lys Gly Thr Gly Ser Trp Thr Gln 290 295 300 Leu Tyr Leu Ile Thr Asp Tyr His Glu Asn Gly Ser Leu Tyr Asp Phe 305 310 315 320 Leu Lys Cys Ala Thr Leu Asp Thr Arg Ala Leu Leu Lys Leu Ala Tyr 325 330 335 Ser Ala Ala Cys Gly Leu Cys His Leu His Thr Glu Ile Tyr Gly Thr 340 345 350 Gln Gly Lys Pro Ala Ile Ala His Arg Asp Leu Lys Ser Lys Asn Ile 355 360 365 Leu Ile Lys Lys Asn Gly Ser Cys Cys Ile Ala Asp Leu Gly Leu Ala 370 375 380 Val Lys Phe Asn Ser Asp Thr Asn Glu Val Asp Val Pro Leu Asn Thr 385 390 395 400 Arg Val Gly Thr Lys Arg Tyr Met Ala Pro Glu Val Leu Asp Glu Ser 405 410 415 Leu Asn Lys Asn His Phe Gln Pro Tyr Ile Met Ala Asp Ile Tyr Ser 420 425 430 Phe Gly Leu Ile Ile Trp Glu Met Ala Arg Arg Cys Ile Thr Gly Gly 435 440 445 Ile Val Glu Glu Tyr Gln Leu Pro Tyr Tyr Asn Met Val Pro Ser Asp 450 455 460 Pro Ser Tyr Glu Asp Met Arg Glu Val Val Cys Val Lys Arg Leu Arg 465 470 475 480 Pro Ile Val Ser Asn Arg Trp Asn Ser Asp Glu Cys Leu Arg Ala Val 485 490 495 Leu Lys Leu Met Ser Glu Cys Trp Ala His Asn Pro Ala Ser Arg Leu 500 505 510 Thr Ala Leu Arg Ile Lys Lys Thr Leu Ala Lys Met Val Glu Ser Gln 515 520 525 Asp Val Lys Ile 530 7 2333 DNA Homo sapiens 7 atggcggagt cggccggagc ctcctccttc ttcccccttg ttgtcctcct gctcgccggc 60 agcggcgggt ccgggccccg gggggtccag gctctgctgt gtgcgtgcac cagctgcctc 120 caggccaact acacgtgtga gacagatggg gcctgcatgg tttccttttt caatctggat 180 gggatggagc accatgtgcg cacctgcatc cccaaagtgg agctggtccc tgccgggaag 240 cccttctact gcctgagctc ggaggacctg cgcaacaccc actgctgcta cactgactac 300 tgcaacagga tcgacttgag ggtgcccagt ggtcacctca aggagcctga gcacccgtcc 360 atgtggggcc cggtggagct ggtaggcatc atcgccggcc cggtgttcct cctgttcctc 420 atcatcatca ttgttttcct tgtcattaac tatcatcagc gtgtctatca caaccgccag 480 agactggaca tggaagatcc ctcatgtgag atgtgtctct ccaaagacaa gacgctccag 540 gatcttgtct acgatctctc cacctcaggg tctggctcag ggttacccct ctttgtccag 600 cgcacagtgg cccgaaccat cgttttacaa gagattattg gcaagggtcg gtttggggaa 660 gtatggcggg gccgctggag gggtggtgat gtggctgtga aaatattctc ttctcgtgaa 720 gaacggtctt ggttcaggga agcagagata taccagacgg tcatgctgcg ccatgaaaac 780 atccttggat ttattgctgc tgacaataaa gataatggca cctggacaca gctgtggctt 840 gtttctgact atcatgagca cgggtccctg tttgattatc tgaaccggta cacagtgaca 900 attgagggga tgattaagct ggccttgtct gctgctagtg ggctggcaca cctgcacatg 960 gagatcgtgg gcacccaagg gaagcctgga attgctcatc gagacttaaa gtcaaagaac 1020 attctggtga agaaaaatgg catgtgtgcc atagcagacc tgggcctggc tgtccgtcat 1080 gatgcagtca ctgacaccat tgacattgcc ccgaatcaga gggtggggac caaacgatac 1140 atggcccctg aagtacttga tgaaaccatt aatatgaaac actttgactc ctttaaatgt 1200 gctgatattt atgccctcgg gcttgtatat tgggagattg ctcgaagatg caattctgga 1260 ggagtccatg aagaatatca gctgccatat tacgacttag tgccctctga cccttccatt 1320 gaggaaatgc gaaaggttgt atgtgatcag aagctgcgtc ccaacatccc caactggtgg 1380 cagagttatg aggcactgcg ggtgatgggg aagatgatgc gagagtgttg gtatgccaac 1440 ggcgcagccc gcctgacggc cctgcgcatc aagaagaccc tctcccagct cagcgtgcag 1500 gaagacgtga agatctaact gctccctctc tccacacgga gctcctggca gcgagaacta 1560 cgcacagctg ccgcgttgag cgtacgatgg aggcctacct ctcgtttctg cccagccctc 1620 tgtggccagg agccctggcc cgcaagaggg acagagcccg ggagagactc gctcactccc 1680 atgttgggtt tgagacagac accttttcta tttacctcct aatggcatgg agactctgag 1740 agcgaattgt gtggagaact cagtgccaca cctcgaactg gttgtagtgg gaagtcccgc 1800 gaaacccggt gcatctggca cgtggccagg agccatgaca ggggcgcttg ggaggggccg 1860 gaggaaccga ggtgttgcca gtgctaagct gccctgaggg tttccttcgg ggaccagccc 1920 acagcacacc aaggtggccc ggaagaacca gaagtgcagc ccctctcaca ggcagctctg 1980 agccgcgctt tcccctcctc cctgggatgg acgctgccgg gagactgcca gtggagacgg 2040 aatctgccgc tttgtctgtc cagccgtgtg tgcatgtgcc gaggtgcgtc ccccgttgtg 2100 cctggttcgt gccatgccct tacacgtgcg tgtgagtgtg tgtgtgtgtc tgtaggtgcg 2160 cacttacctg cttgagcttt ctgtgcatgt gcaggtcggg ggtgtggtcg tcatgctgtc 2220 cgtgcttgct ggtgcctctt ttcagtagtg agcagcatct agtttccctg gtgcccttcc 2280 ctggaggtct ctccctcccc cagagcccct catgccacag tggtactctg tgt 2333 8 505 PRT Homo sapiens 8 Met Ala Glu Ser Ala Gly Ala Ser Ser Phe Phe Pro Leu Val Val Leu 1 5 10 15 Leu Leu Ala Gly Ser Gly Gly Ser Gly Pro Arg Gly Val Gln Ala Leu 20 25 30 Leu Cys Ala Cys Thr Ser Cys Leu Gln Ala Asn Tyr Thr Cys Glu Thr 35 40 45 Asp Gly Ala Cys Met Val Ser Phe Phe Asn Leu Asp Gly Met Glu His 50 55 60 His Val Arg Thr Cys Ile Pro Lys Val Glu Leu Val Pro Ala Gly Lys 65 70 75 80 Pro Phe Tyr Cys Leu Ser Ser Glu Asp Leu Arg Asn Thr His Cys Cys 85 90 95 Tyr Thr Asp Tyr Cys Asn Arg Ile Asp Leu Arg Val Pro Ser Gly His 100 105 110 Leu Lys Glu Pro Glu His Pro Ser Met Trp Gly Pro Val Glu Leu Val 115 120 125 Gly Ile Ile Ala Gly Pro Val Phe Leu Leu Phe Leu Ile Ile Ile Ile 130 135 140 Val Phe Leu Val Ile Asn Tyr His Gln Arg Val Tyr His Asn Arg Gln 145 150 155 160 Arg Leu Asp Met Glu Asp Pro Ser Cys Glu Met Cys Leu Ser Lys Asp 165 170 175 Lys Thr Leu Gln Asp Leu Val Tyr Asp Leu Ser Thr Ser Gly Ser Gly 180 185 190 Ser Gly Leu Pro Leu Phe Val Gln Arg Thr Val Ala Arg Thr Ile Val 195 200 205 Leu Gln Glu Ile Ile Gly Lys Gly Arg Phe Gly Glu Val Trp Arg Gly 210 215 220 Arg Trp Arg Gly Gly Asp Val Ala Val Lys Ile Phe Ser Ser Arg Glu 225 230 235 240 Glu Arg Ser Trp Phe Arg Glu Ala Glu Ile Tyr Gln Thr Val Met Leu 245 250 255 Arg His Glu Asn Ile Leu Gly Phe Ile Ala Ala Asp Asn Lys Asp Asn 260 265 270 Gly Thr Trp Thr Gln Leu Trp Leu Val Ser Asp Tyr His Glu His Gly 275 280 285 Ser Leu Phe Asp Tyr Leu Asn Arg Tyr Thr Val Thr Ile Glu Gly Met 290 295 300 Ile Lys Leu Ala Leu Ser Ala Ala Ser Gly Leu Ala His Leu His Met 305 310 315 320 Glu Ile Val Gly Thr Gln Gly Lys Pro Gly Ile Ala His Arg Asp Leu 325 330 335 Lys Ser Lys Asn Ile Leu Val Lys Lys Asn Gly Met Cys Ala Ile Ala 340 345 350 Asp Leu Gly Leu Ala Val Arg His Asp Ala Val Thr Asp Thr Ile Asp 355 360 365 Ile Ala Pro Asn Gln Arg Val Gly Thr Lys Arg Tyr Met Ala Pro Glu 370 375 380 Val Leu Asp Glu Thr Ile Asn Met Lys His Phe Asp Ser Phe Lys Cys 385 390 395 400 Ala Asp Ile Tyr Ala Leu Gly Leu Val Tyr Trp Glu Ile Ala Arg Arg 405 410 415 Cys Asn Ser Gly Gly Val His Glu Glu Tyr Gln Leu Pro Tyr Tyr Asp 420 425 430 Leu Val Pro Ser Asp Pro Ser Ile Glu Glu Met Arg Lys Val Val Cys 435 440 445 Asp Gln Lys Leu Arg Pro Asn Ile Pro Asn Trp Trp Gln Ser Tyr Glu 450 455 460 Ala Leu Arg Val Met Gly Lys Met Met Arg Glu Cys Trp Tyr Ala Asn 465 470 475 480 Gly Ala Ala Arg Leu Thr Ala Leu Arg Ile Lys Lys Thr Leu Ser Gln 485 490 495 Leu Ser Val Gln Glu Asp Val Lys Ile 500 505 9 2308 DNA Homo sapiens 9 ggcgaggcga ggtttgctgg ggtgaggcag cggcgcggcc gggccgggcc gggccacagg 60 cggtggcggc gggaccatgg aggcggcggt cgctgctccg cgtccccggc tgctcctcct 120 cgtgctggcg gcggcggcgg cggcggcggc ggcgctgctc ccgggggcga cggcgttaca 180 gtgtttctgc cacctctgta caaaagacaa ttttacttgt gtgacagatg ggctctgctt 240 tgtctctgtc acagagacca cagacaaagt tatacacaac agcatgtgta tagctgaaat 300 tgacttaatt cctcgagata ggccgtttgt atgtgcaccc tcttcaaaaa ctgggtctgt 360 gactacaaca tattgctgca atcaggacca ttgcaataaa atagaacttc caactactgt 420 aaagtcatca cctggccttg gtcctgtgga actggcagct gtcattgctg gaccagtgtg 480 cttcgtctgc atctcactca tgttgatggt ctatatctgc cacaaccgca ctgtcattca 540 ccatcgagtg ccaaatgaag aggacccttc attagatcgc ccttttattt cagagggtac 600 tacgttgaaa gacttaattt atgatatgac aacgtcaggt tctggctcag gtttaccatt 660 gcttgttcag agaacaattg cgagaactat tgtgttacaa gaaagcattg gcaaaggtcg 720 atttggagaa gtttggagag gaaagtggcg gggagaagaa gttgctgtta agatattctc 780 ctctagagaa gaacgttcgt ggttccgtga ggcagagatt tatcaaactg taatgttacg 840 tcatgaaaac atcctgggat ttatagcagc agacaataaa gacaatggta cttggactca 900 gctctggttg gtgtcagatt atcatgagca tggatccctt tttgattact taaacagata 960 cacagttact gtggaaggaa tgataaaact tgctctgtcc acggcgagcg gtcttgccca 1020 tcttcacatg gagattgttg gtacccaagg aaagccagcc attgctcata gagatttgaa 1080 atcaaagaat atcttggtaa agaagaatgg aacttgctgt attgcagact taggactggc 1140 agtaagacat gattcagcca cagataccat tgatattgct ccaaaccaca gagtgggaac 1200 aaaaaggtac atggcccctg aagttctcga tgattccata aatatgaaac attttgaatc 1260 cttcaaacgt gctgacatct atgcaatggg cttagtattc tgggaaattg ctcgacgatg 1320 ttccattggt ggaattcatg aagattacca actgccttat tatgatcttg taccttctga 1380 cccatcagtt gaagaaatga gaaaagttgt ttgtgaacag aagttaaggc caaatatccc 1440 aaacagatgg cagagctgtg aagccttgag agtaatggct aaaattatga gagaatgttg 1500 gtatgccaat ggagcagcta ggcttacagc attgcggatt aagaaaacat tatcgcaact 1560 cagtcaacag gaaggcatca aaatgtaatt ctacagcttt gcctgaactc tccttttttc 1620 ttcagatctg ctcctgggtt ttaatttggg aggtcagttg ttctacctca ctgagaggga 1680 acagaaggat attgcttcct tttgcagcag tgtaataaag tcaattaaaa acttcccagg 1740 atttctttgg acccaggaaa cagccatgtg ggtcctttct gtgcactatg aacgcttctt 1800 tcccaggaca gaaaatgtgt agtctacctt tattttttat taacaaaact tgttttttaa 1860 aaagatgatt gctggtctta actttaggta actctgctgt gctggagatc atctttaagg 1920 gcaaaggagt tggattgctg aattacaatg aaacatgtct tattactaaa gaaagtgatt 1980 tactcctggt tagtacattc tcagaggatt ctgaaccact agagtttcct tgattcagac 2040 tttgaatgta ctgttctata gtttttcagg atcttaaaac taacacttat aaaactctta 2100 tcttgagtct aaaaatgacc tcatatagta gtgaggaaca taattcatgc aattgtattt 2160 tgtatactat tattgttctt tcacttattc agaacattac atgccttcaa aatgggattg 2220 tactatacca gtaagtgcca cttctgtgtc tttctaatgg aaatgagtag aattgctgaa 2280 agtctctatg ttaaaaccta tagtgttt 2308 10 503 PRT Homo sapiens 10 Met Glu Ala Ala Val Ala Ala Pro Arg Pro Arg Leu Leu Leu Leu Val 1 5 10 15 Leu Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Leu Leu Pro Gly Ala Thr 20 25 30 Ala Leu Gln Cys Phe Cys His Leu Cys Thr Lys Asp Asn Phe Thr Cys 35 40 45 Val Thr Asp Gly Leu Cys Phe Val Ser Val Thr Glu Thr Thr Asp Lys 50 55 60 Val Ile His Asn Ser Met Cys Ile Ala Glu Ile Asp Leu Ile Pro Arg 65 70 75 80 Asp Arg Pro Phe Val Cys Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Thr Gly Ser Val Thr 85 90 95 Thr Thr Tyr Cys Cys Asn Gln Asp His Cys Asn Lys Ile Glu Leu Pro 100 105 110 Thr Thr Val Lys Ser Ser Pro Gly Leu Gly Pro Val Glu Leu Ala Ala 115 120 125 Val Ile Ala Gly Pro Val Cys Phe Val Cys Ile Ser Leu Met Leu Met 130 135 140 Val Tyr Ile Cys His Asn Arg Thr Val Ile His His Arg Val Pro Asn 145 150 155 160 Glu Glu Asp Pro Ser Leu Asp Arg Pro Phe Ile Ser Glu Gly Thr Thr 165 170 175 Leu Lys Asp Leu Ile Tyr Asp Met Thr Thr Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly 180 185 190 Leu Pro Leu Leu Val Gln Arg Thr Ile Ala Arg Thr Ile Val Leu Gln 195 200 205 Glu Ser Ile Gly Lys Gly Arg Phe Gly Glu Val Trp Arg Gly Lys Trp 210 215 220 Arg Gly Glu Glu Val Ala Val Lys Ile Phe Ser Ser Arg Glu Glu Arg 225 230 235 240 Ser Trp Phe Arg Glu Ala Glu Ile Tyr Gln Thr Val Met Leu Arg His 245 250 255 Glu Asn Ile Leu Gly Phe Ile Ala Ala Asp Asn Lys Asp Asn Gly Thr 260 265 270 Trp Thr Gln Leu Trp Leu Val Ser Asp Tyr His Glu His Gly Ser Leu 275 280 285 Phe Asp Tyr Leu Asn Arg Tyr Thr Val Thr Val Glu Gly Met Ile Lys 290 295 300 Leu Ala Leu Ser Thr Ala Ser Gly Leu Ala His Leu His Met Glu Ile 305 310 315 320 Val Gly Thr Gln Gly Lys Pro Ala Ile Ala His Arg Asp Leu Lys Ser 325 330 335 Lys Asn Ile Leu Val Lys Lys Asn Gly Thr Cys Cys Ile Ala Asp Leu 340 345 350 Gly Leu Ala Val Arg His Asp Ser Ala Thr Asp Thr Ile Asp Ile Ala 355 360 365 Pro Asn His Arg Val Gly Thr Lys Arg Tyr Met Ala Pro Glu Val Leu 370 375 380 Asp Asp Ser Ile Asn Met Lys His Phe Glu Ser Phe Lys Arg Ala Asp 385 390 395 400 Ile Tyr Ala Met Gly Leu Val Phe Trp Glu Ile Ala Arg Arg Cys Ser 405 410 415 Ile Gly Gly Ile His Glu Asp Tyr Gln Leu Pro Tyr Tyr Asp Leu Val 420 425 430 Pro Ser Asp Pro Ser Val Glu Glu Met Arg Lys Val Val Cys Glu Gln 435 440 445 Lys Leu Arg Pro Asn Ile Pro Asn Arg Trp Gln Ser Cys Glu Ala Leu 450 455 460 Arg Val Met Ala Lys Ile Met Arg Glu Cys Trp Tyr Ala Asn Gly Ala 465 470 475 480 Ala Arg Leu Thr Ala Leu Arg Ile Lys Lys Thr Leu Ser Gln Leu Ser 485 490 495 Gln Gln Glu Gly Ile Lys Met 500 11 1922 DNA Mus musculus 11 gagagcacag cccttcccag tccccggagc cgccgcgcca cgcgcgcatg atcaagacct 60 tttccccggc cccacagggc ctctggacgt gagaccccgg ccgcctccgc aaggagaggc 120 gggggtcgag tcgccctgtc caaaggcctc aatctaaaca atcttgattc ctgttgccgg 180 ctggcgggac cctgaatggc aggaaatctc accacatctc ttctcctatc tccaaggacc 240 atgaccttgg ggagcttcag aaggggcctt ttgatgctgt cggtggcctt gggcctaacc 300 caggggagac ttgcgaagcc ttccaagctg gtgaactgca cttgtgagag cccacactgc 360 aagagaccat tctgccaggg gtcatggtgc acagtggtgc tggttcgaga gcagggcagg 420 cacccccagg tctatcgggg ctgtgggagc ctgaaccagg agctctgctt gggacgtccc 480 acggagtttc tgaaccatca ctgctgctat agatccttct gcaaccacaa cgtgtctctg 540 atgctggagg ccacccaaac tccttcggag gagccagaag ttgatgccca tctgcctctg 600 atcctgggtc ctgtgctggc cttgccggtc ctggtggccc tgggtgctct gggcttgtgg 660 cgtgtccggc ggaggcagga gaagcagcgg gatttgcaca gtgacctggg cgagtccagt 720 ctcatcctga aggcatctga acaggcagac agcatgttgg gggacttcct ggacagcgac 780 tgtaccacgg gcagcggctc ggggctcccc ttcttggtgc agaggacggt agctcggcag 840 gttgcgctgg tagagtgtgt gggaaagggc cgatatggcg aggtgtggcg cggttcgtgg 900 catggcgaaa gcgtggcggt caagattttc tcctcacgag atgagcagtc ctggttccgg 960 gagacggaga tctacaacac agttctgctt agacacgaca acatcctagg cttcatcgcc 1020 tccgacatga cttcgcggaa ctcgagcacg cagctgtggc tcatcaccca ctaccatgaa 1080 cacggctccc tctatgactt tctgcagagg cagacgctgg agccccagtt ggccctgagg 1140 ctagctgtgt ccccggcctg cggcctggcg cacctacatg tggagatctt tggcactcaa 1200 ggcaaaccag ccattgccca tcgtgacctc aagagtcgca atgtgctggt caagagtaac 1260 ttgcagtgtt gcattgcaga cctgggactg gctgtgatgc actcacaaag caacgagtac 1320 ctggatatcg gcaacacacc ccgagtgggt accaaaagat acatggcacc cgaggtgctg 1380 gatgagcaca tccgcacaga ctgctttgag tcgtacaagt ggacagacat ctgggccttt 1440 ggcctagtgc tatgggagat cgcccggcgg accatcatca atggcattgt ggaggattac 1500 aggccacctt tctatgacat ggtacccaat gaccccagtt ttgaggacat gaaaaaggtg 1560 gtgtgcgttg accagcagac acccaccatc cctaaccggc tggctgcaga tccggtcctc 1620 tccgggctgg cccagatgat gagagagtgc tggtacccca acccctctgc tcgcctcacc 1680 gcactgcgca taaagaagac attgcagaag ctcagtcaca atccagagaa gcccaaagtg 1740 attcactagc ccagggccac caggcttcct ctgcctaaag tgtgtgctgg ggaagaagac 1800 atagcctgtc tgggtagagg gagtgaagag agtgtgcacg ctgccctgtg tgtgcctgct 1860 cagcttgctc ccagcccatc cagccaaaaa tacagctgag ctgaaattca aaaaaaaaaa 1920 aa 1922 12 502 PRT Mus musculus 12 Met Thr Leu Gly Ser Phe Arg Arg Gly Leu Leu Met Leu Ser Val Ala 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Leu Thr Gln Gly Arg Leu Ala Lys Pro Ser Lys Leu Val Asn 20 25 30 Cys Thr Cys Glu Ser Pro His Cys Lys Arg Pro Phe Cys Gln Gly Ser 35 40 45 Trp Cys Thr Val Val Leu Val Arg Glu Gln Gly Arg His Pro Gln Val 50 55 60 Tyr Arg Gly Cys Gly Ser Leu Asn Gln Glu Leu Cys Leu Gly Arg Pro 65 70 75 80 Thr Glu Phe Leu Asn His His Cys Cys Tyr Arg Ser Phe Cys Asn His 85 90 95 Asn Val Ser Leu Met Leu Glu Ala Thr Gln Thr Pro Ser Glu Glu Pro 100 105 110 Glu Val Asp Ala His Leu Pro Leu Ile Leu Gly Pro Val Leu Ala Leu 115 120 125 Pro Val Leu Val Ala Leu Gly Ala Leu Gly Leu Trp Arg Val Arg Arg 130 135 140 Arg Gln Glu Lys Gln Arg Asp Leu His Ser Asp Leu Gly Glu Ser Ser 145 150 155 160 Leu Ile Leu Lys Ala Ser Glu Gln Ala Asp Ser Met Leu Gly Asp Phe 165 170 175 Leu Asp Ser Asp Cys Thr Thr Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Leu Pro Phe Leu 180 185 190 Val Gln Arg Thr Val Ala Arg Gln Val Ala Leu Val Glu Cys Val Gly 195 200 205 Lys Gly Arg Tyr Gly Glu Val Trp Arg Gly Ser Trp His Gly Glu Ser 210 215 220 Val Ala Val Lys Ile Phe Ser Ser Arg Asp Glu Gln Ser Trp Phe Arg 225 230 235 240 Glu Thr Glu Ile Tyr Asn Thr Val Leu Leu Arg His Asp Asn Ile Leu 245 250 255 Gly Phe Ile Ala Ser Asp Met Thr Ser Arg Asn Ser Ser Thr Gln Leu 260 265 270 Trp Leu Ile Thr His Tyr His Glu His Gly Ser Leu Tyr Asp Phe Leu 275 280 285 Gln Arg Gln Thr Leu Glu Pro Gln Leu Ala Leu Arg Leu Ala Val Ser 290 295 300 Pro Ala Cys Gly Leu Ala His Leu His Val Glu Ile Phe Gly Thr Gln 305 310 315 320 Gly Lys Pro Ala Ile Ala His Arg Asp Leu Lys Ser Arg Asn Val Leu 325 330 335 Val Lys Ser Asn Leu Gln Cys Cys Ile Ala Asp Leu Gly Leu Ala Val 340 345 350 Met His Ser Gln Ser Asn Glu Tyr Leu Asp Ile Gly Asn Thr Pro Arg 355 360 365 Val Gly Thr Lys Arg Tyr Met Ala Pro Glu Val Leu Asp Glu His Ile 370 375 380 Arg Thr Asp Cys Phe Glu Ser Tyr Lys Trp Thr Asp Ile Trp Ala Phe 385 390 395 400 Gly Leu Val Leu Trp Glu Ile Ala Arg Arg Thr Ile Ile Asn Gly Ile 405 410 415 Val Glu Asp Tyr Arg Pro Pro Phe Tyr Asp Met Val Pro Asn Asp Pro 420 425 430 Ser Phe Glu Asp Met Lys Lys Val Val Cys Val Asp Gln Gln Thr Pro 435 440 445 Thr Ile Pro Asn Arg Leu Ala Ala Asp Pro Val Leu Ser Gly Leu Ala 450 455 460 Gln Met Met Arg Glu Cys Trp Tyr Pro Asn Pro Ser Ala Arg Leu Thr 465 470 475 480 Ala Leu Arg Ile Lys Lys Thr Leu Gln Lys Leu Ser His Asn Pro Glu 485 490 495 Lys Pro Lys Val Ile His 500 13 2070 DNA Mus musculus 13 attcatgaga tggaagcata ggtcaaagct gttcggagaa attggaacta cagttttatc 60 tagccacatc tctgagaatt ctgaagaaag cagcaggtga aagtcattgc caagtgattt 120 tgttctgtaa ggaagcctcc ctcattcact tacaccagtg agacagcagg accagtcatt 180 caaagggccg tgtacaggac gcgtggcaat cagacaatga ctcagctata cacttacatc 240 agattactgg gagcctgtct gttcatcatt tctcatgttc aagggcagaa tctagatagt 300 atgctccatg gcactggtat gaaatcagac ttggaccaga agaagccaga aaatggagtg 360 actttagcac cagaggatac cttgcctttc ttaaagtgct attgctcagg acactgccca 420 gatgatgcta ttaataacac atgcataact aatggccatt gctttgccat tatagaagaa 480 gatgatcagg gagaaaccac attaacttct gggtgtatga agtatgaagg ctctgatttt 540 caatgcaagg attcaccgaa agcccagcta cgcaggacaa tagaatgttg tcggaccaat 600 ttgtgcaacc agtatttgca gcctacactg ccccctgttg ttataggtcc gttctttgat 660 ggcagcatcc gatggctggt tgtgctcatt tccatggctg tctgtatagt tgctatgatc 720 atcttctcca gctgcttttg ctataagcat tattgtaaga gtatctcaag caggggtcgt 780 tacaaccgtg atttggaaca ggatgaagca tttattccag taggagaatc attgaaagac 840 ctgattgacc agtcccaaag ctctgggagt ggatctggat tgcctttatt ggttcagcga 900 actattgcca aacagattca gatggttcgg caggttggta aaggccgcta tggagaagta 960 tggatgggta aatggcgtgg tgaaaaagtg gctgtcaaag tgttttttac cactgaagaa 1020 gctagctggt ttagagaaac agaaatctac cagacggtgt taatgcgtca tgaaaatata 1080 cttggtttta tagctgcaga cattaaaggc actggttcct ggactcagct gtatttgatt 1140 actgattacc atgaaaatgg atctctctat gacttcctga aatgtgccac actagacacc 1200 agagccctac tcaagttagc ttattctgct gcttgtggtc tgtgccacct ccacacagaa 1260 atttatggta cccaagggaa gcctgcaatt gctcatcgag acctgaagag caaaaacatc 1320 cttattaaga aaaatggaag ttgctgtatt gctgacctgg gcctagctgt taaattcaac 1380 agtgatacaa atgaagttga catacccttg aataccaggg tgggcaccaa gcggtacatg 1440 gctccagaag tgctggatga aagcctgaat aaaaaccatt tccagcccta catcatggct 1500 gacatctata gctttggttt gatcatttgg gaaatggctc gtcgttgtat tacaggagga 1560 atcgtggagg aatatcaatt accatattac aacatggtgc ccagtgaccc atcctatgag 1620 gacatgcgtg aggttgtgtg tgtgaaacgc ttgcggccaa tcgtgtctaa ccgctggaac 1680 agcgatgaat gtcttcgagc agttttgaag ctaatgtcag aatgttgggc ccataatcca 1740 gcctccagac tcacagcttt gagaatcaag aagacacttg caaaaatggt tgaatcccag 1800 gatgtaaaga tttgacaatt aaacaatttt gagggagaat ttagactgca agaacttctt 1860 cacccaagga atgggtggga ttagcatgga ataggatgtt gacttggttt ccagactcct 1920 tcctctacat cttcacaggc tgctaacagt aaaccttacc gtactctaca gaatacaaga 1980 ttggaacttg gaacttcaaa catgtcattc tttatatatg acagctttgt tttaatgtgg 2040 ggtttttttg tttgcttttt ttgttttgtt 2070 14 532 PRT Mus musculus 14 Met Thr Gln Leu Tyr Thr Tyr Ile Arg Leu Leu Gly Ala Cys Leu Phe 1 5 10 15 Ile Ile Ser His Val Gln Gly Gln Asn Leu Asp Ser Met Leu His Gly 20 25 30 Thr Gly Met Lys Ser Asp Leu Asp Gln Lys Lys Pro Glu Asn Gly Val 35 40 45 Thr Leu Ala Pro Glu Asp Thr Leu Pro Phe Leu Lys Cys Tyr Cys Ser 50 55 60 Gly His Cys Pro Asp Asp Ala Ile Asn Asn Thr Cys Ile Thr Asn Gly 65 70 75 80 His Cys Phe Ala Ile Ile Glu Glu Asp Asp Gln Gly Glu Thr Thr Leu 85 90 95 Thr Ser Gly Cys Met Lys Tyr Glu Gly Ser Asp Phe Gln Cys Lys Asp 100 105 110 Ser Pro Lys Ala Gln Leu Arg Arg Thr Ile Glu Cys Cys Arg Thr Asn 115 120 125 Leu Cys Asn Gln Tyr Leu Gln Pro Thr Leu Pro Pro Val Val Ile Gly 130 135 140 Pro Phe Phe Asp Gly Ser Ile Arg Trp Leu Val Val Leu Ile Ser Met 145 150 155 160 Ala Val Cys Ile Val Ala Met Ile Ile Phe Ser Ser Cys Phe Cys Tyr 165 170 175 Lys His Tyr Cys Lys Ser Ile Ser Ser Arg Gly Arg Tyr Asn Arg Asp 180 185 190 Leu Glu Gln Asp Glu Ala Phe Ile Pro Val Gly Glu Ser Leu Lys Asp 195 200 205 Leu Ile Asp Gln Ser Gln Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Leu Pro Leu 210 215 220 Leu Val Gln Arg Thr Ile Ala Lys Gln Ile Gln Met Val Arg Gln Val 225 230 235 240 Gly Lys Gly Arg Tyr Gly Glu Val Trp Met Gly Lys Trp Arg Gly Glu 245 250 255 Lys Val Ala Val Lys Val Phe Phe Thr Thr Glu Glu Ala Ser Trp Phe 260 265 270 Arg Glu Thr Glu Ile Tyr Gln Thr Val Leu Met Arg His Glu Asn Ile 275 280 285 Leu Gly Phe Ile Ala Ala Asp Ile Lys Gly Thr Gly Ser Trp Thr Gln 290 295 300 Leu Tyr Leu Ile Thr Asp Tyr His Glu Asn Gly Ser Leu Tyr Asp Phe 305 310 315 320 Leu Lys Cys Ala Thr Leu Asp Thr Arg Ala Leu Leu Lys Leu Ala Tyr 325 330 335 Ser Ala Ala Cys Gly Leu Cys His Leu His Thr Glu Ile Tyr Gly Thr 340 345 350 Gln Gly Lys Pro Ala Ile Ala His Arg Asp Leu Lys Ser Lys Asn Ile 355 360 365 Leu Ile Lys Lys Asn Gly Ser Cys Cys Ile Ala Asp Leu Gly Leu Ala 370 375 380 Val Lys Phe Asn Ser Asp Thr Asn Glu Val Asp Ile Pro Leu Asn Thr 385 390 395 400 Arg Val Gly Thr Lys Arg Tyr Met Ala Pro Glu Val Leu Asp Glu Ser 405 410 415 Leu Asn Lys Asn His Phe Gln Pro Tyr Ile Met Ala Asp Ile Tyr Ser 420 425 430 Phe Gly Leu Ile Ile Trp Glu Met Ala Arg Arg Cys Ile Thr Gly Gly 435 440 445 Ile Val Glu Glu Tyr Gln Leu Pro Tyr Tyr Asn Met Val Pro Ser Asp 450 455 460 Pro Ser Tyr Glu Asp Met Arg Glu Val Val Cys Val Lys Arg Leu Arg 465 470 475 480 Pro Ile Val Ser Asn Arg Trp Asn Ser Asp Glu Cys Leu Arg Ala Val 485 490 495 Leu Lys Leu Met Ser Glu Cys Trp Ala His Asn Pro Ala Ser Arg Leu 500 505 510 Thr Ala Leu Arg Ile Lys Lys Thr Leu Ala Lys Met Val Glu Ser Gln 515 520 525 Asp Val Lys Ile 530 15 2160 DNA Mus musculus 15 cgcggttaca tggcggagtc ggccggagcc tcctccttct tcccccttgt tgtcctcctg 60 ctcgccggca gcggcgggtc cgggccccgg gggatccagg ctctgctgtg tgcgtgcacc 120 agctgcctac agaccaacta cacctgtgag acagatgggg cttgcatggt ctccatcttt 180 aacctggatg gcgtggagca ccatgtacgt acctgcatcc ccaaggtgga gctggttcct 240 gctggaaagc ccttctactg cctgagttca gaggatctgc gcaacacaca ctgctgctat 300 attgacttct gcaacaagat tgacctcagg gtccccagcg gacacctcaa ggagcctgcg 360 cacccctcca tgtggggccc tgtggagctg gtcggcatca tcgccggccc cgtcttcctc 420 ctcttcctta tcattatcat cgtcttcctg gtcatcaact atcaccagcg tgtctaccat 480 aaccgccaga ggttggacat ggaggacccc tcttgcgaga tgtgtctctc caaagacaag 540 acgctccagg atctcgtcta cgacctctcc acgtcagggt ctggctcagg gttacccctt 600 tttgtccagc gcacagtggc ccgaaccatt gttttacaag agattatcgg caagggccgg 660 ttcggggaag tatggcgtgg tcgctggagg ggtggtgacg tggctgtgaa aatcttctct 720 tctcgtgaag aacggtcttg gttccgtgaa gcagagatct accagaccgt catgctgcgc 780 catgaaaaca tccttggctt tattgctgct gacaataaag ataatggcac ctggacccag 840 ctgtggcttg tctctgacta tcacgagcat ggctcactgt ttgattatct gaaccgctac 900 acagtgacca ttgagggaat gattaagcta gccttgtctg cagccagtgg tttggcacac 960 ctgcatatgg agattgtggg cactcaaggg aagccgggaa ttgctcatcg agacttgaag 1020 tcaaagaaca tcctggtgaa aaaaaatggc atgtgtgcca ttgcagacct gggcctggct 1080 gtccgtcatg atgcggtcac tgacaccata gacattgctc caaatcagag ggtggggacc 1140 aaacgataca tggctcctga agtccttgac gagacaatca acatgaagca ctttgactcc 1200 ttcaaatgtg ccgacatcta tgccctcggg cttgtctact gggagattgc acgaagatgc 1260 aattctggag gagtccatga agactatcaa ctgccgtatt acgacttagt gccctccgac 1320 ccttccattg aggagatgcg aaaggttgta tgtgaccaga agctacggcc caatgtcccc 1380 aactggtggc agagttatga ggccttgcga gtgatgggaa agatgatgcg ggagtgctgg 1440 tacgccaatg gtgctgcccg tctgacagct ctgcgcatca agaagactct gtcccagcta 1500 agcgtgcagg aagatgtgaa gatttaagct gttcctctgc ctacacaaag aacctgggca 1560 gtgaggatga ctgcagccac cgtgcaagcg tcgtggaggc ctatcctctt gtttctgccc 1620 ggccctctgg cagagccctg gcctgcaaga gggacagagc ctgggagacg cgcgcactcc 1680 cgttgggttt gagacagaca ctttttatat ttacctcctg atggcatgga gacctgagca 1740 aatcatgtag tcactcaatg ccacaactca aactgcttca gtgggaagta cagagaccca 1800 gtgcattgcg tgtgcaggag cgtgaggtgc tgggctcgcc aggagcggcc cccatacctt 1860 gtggtccact gggctgcagg ttttcctcca gggaccagtc aactggcatc aagatattga 1920 gaggaaccgg aagtttctcc ctccttcccg tagcagtcct gagccacacc atccttctca 1980 tggacatccg gaggactgcc cctagagaca caacctgctg cctgtctgtc cagccaagtg 2040 cgcatgtgcc gaggtgtgtc ccacattgtg cctggtctgt gccacgcccg tgtgtgtgtg 2100 tgtgtgtgtg agtgagtgtg tgtgtgtaca cttaacctgc ttgagcttct gtgcatgtgt 2160 16 505 PRT Mus musculus 16 Met Ala Glu Ser Ala Gly Ala Ser Ser Phe Phe Pro Leu Val Val Leu 1 5 10 15 Leu Leu Ala Gly Ser Gly Gly Ser Gly Pro Arg Gly Ile Gln Ala Leu 20 25 30 Leu Cys Ala Cys Thr Ser Cys Leu Gln Thr Asn Tyr Thr Cys Glu Thr 35 40 45 Asp Gly Ala Cys Met Val Ser Ile Phe Asn Leu Asp Gly Val Glu His 50 55 60 His Val Arg Thr Cys Ile Pro Lys Val Glu Leu Val Pro Ala Gly Lys 65 70 75 80 Pro Phe Tyr Cys Leu Ser Ser Glu Asp Leu Arg Asn Thr His Cys Cys 85 90 95 Tyr Ile Asp Phe Cys Asn Lys Ile Asp Leu Arg Val Pro Ser Gly His 100 105 110 Leu Lys Glu Pro Ala His Pro Ser Met Trp Gly Pro Val Glu Leu Val 115 120 125 Gly Ile Ile Ala Gly Pro Val Phe Leu Leu Phe Leu Ile Ile Ile Ile 130 135 140 Val Phe Leu Val Ile Asn Tyr His Gln Arg Val Tyr His Asn Arg Gln 145 150 155 160 Arg Leu Asp Met Glu Asp Pro Ser Cys Glu Met Cys Leu Ser Lys Asp 165 170 175 Lys Thr Leu Gln Asp Leu Val Tyr Asp Leu Ser Thr Ser Gly Ser Gly 180 185 190 Ser Gly Leu Pro Leu Phe Val Gln Arg Thr Val Ala Arg Thr Ile Val 195 200 205 Leu Gln Glu Ile Ile Gly Lys Gly Arg Phe Gly Glu Val Trp Arg Gly 210 215 220 Arg Trp Arg Gly Gly Asp Val Ala Val Lys Ile Phe Ser Ser Arg Glu 225 230 235 240 Glu Arg Ser Trp Phe Arg Glu Ala Glu Ile Tyr Gln Thr Val Met Leu 245 250 255 Arg His Glu Asn Ile Leu Gly Phe Ile Ala Ala Asp Asn Lys Asp Asn 260 265 270 Gly Thr Trp Thr Gln Leu Trp Leu Val Ser Asp Tyr His Glu His Gly 275 280 285 Ser Leu Phe Asp Tyr Leu Asn Arg Tyr Thr Val Thr Ile Glu Gly Met 290 295 300 Ile Lys Leu Ala Leu Ser Ala Ala Ser Gly Leu Ala His Leu His Met 305 310 315 320 Glu Ile Val Gly Thr Gln Gly Lys Pro Gly Ile Ala His Arg Asp Leu 325 330 335 Lys Ser Lys Asn Ile Leu Val Lys Lys Asn Gly Met Cys Ala Ile Ala 340 345 350 Asp Leu Gly Leu Ala Val Arg His Asp Ala Val Thr Asp Thr Ile Asp 355 360 365 Ile Ala Pro Asn Gln Arg Val Gly Thr Lys Arg Tyr Met Ala Pro Glu 370 375 380 Val Leu Asp Glu Thr Ile Asn Met Lys His Phe Asp Ser Phe Lys Cys 385 390 395 400 Ala Asp Ile Tyr Ala Leu Gly Leu Val Tyr Trp Glu Ile Ala Arg Arg 405 410 415 Cys Asn Ser Gly Gly Val His Glu Asp Tyr Gln Leu Pro Tyr Tyr Asp 420 425 430 Leu Val Pro Ser Asp Pro Ser Ile Glu Glu Met Arg Lys Val Val Cys 435 440 445 Asp Gln Lys Leu Arg Pro Asn Val Pro Asn Trp Trp Gln Ser Tyr Glu 450 455 460 Ala Leu Arg Val Met Gly Lys Met Met Arg Glu Cys Trp Tyr Ala Asn 465 470 475 480 Gly Ala Ala Arg Leu Thr Ala Leu Arg Ile Lys Lys Thr Leu Ser Gln 485 490 495 Leu Ser Val Gln Glu Asp Val Lys Ile 500 505 17 1952 DNA Mus musculus 17 aagcggcggc agaagttgcc ggcgtggtgc tcgtagtgag ggcgcggagg acccgggacc 60 tgggaagcgg cggcgggtta acttcggctg aatcacaacc atttggcgct gagctatgac 120 aagagagcaa acaaaaagtt aaaggagcaa cccggccata agtgaagaga gaagtttatt 180 gataacatgc tcttacgaag ctctggaaaa ttaaatgtgg gcaccaagaa ggaggatgga 240 gagagtacag cccccacccc tcggcccaag atcctacgtt gtaaatgcca ccaccactgt 300 ccggaagact cagtcaacaa tatctgcagc acagatgggt actgcttcac gatgatagaa 360 gaagatgact ctggaatgcc tgttgtcacc tctggatgtc taggactaga agggtcagat 420 tttcaatgtc gtgacactcc cattcctcat caaagaagat caattgaatg ctgcacagaa 480 aggaatgagt gtaataaaga cctccacccc actctgcctc ctctcaagga cagagatttt 540 gttgatgggc ccatacacca caaggccttg cttatctctg tgactgtctg tagtttactc 600 ttggtcctca ttattttatt ctgttacttc aggtataaaa gacaagaagc ccgacctcgg 660 tacagcattg ggctggagca ggacgagaca tacattcctc ctggagagtc cctgagagac 720 ttgatcgagc agtctcagag ctcgggaagt ggatcaggcc tccctctgct ggtccaaagg 780 acaatagcta agcaaattca gatggtgaag cagattggaa aaggccgcta tggcgaggtg 840 tggatgggaa agtggcgtgg agaaaaggtg gctgtgaaag tgttcttcac cacggaggaa 900 gccagctggt tccgagagac tgagatatat cagacggtcc tgatgcggca tgagaatatt 960 ctggggttca ttgctgcaga tatcaaaggg actgggtcct ggactcagtt gtacctcatc 1020 acagactatc atgaaaacgg ctccctttat gactatctga aatccaccac cttagacgca 1080 aagtccatgc tgaagctagc ctactcctct gtcagcggcc tatgccattt acacacggaa 1140 atctttagca ctcaaggcaa gccagcaatc gcccatcgag acttgaaaag taaaaacatc 1200 ctggtgaaga aaaatggaac ttgctgcata gcagacctgg gcttggctgt caagttcatt 1260 agtgacacaa atgaggttga catcccaccc aacacccggg ttggcaccaa gcgctatatg 1320 cctccagaag tgctggacga gagcttgaat agaaaccatt tccagtccta cattatggct 1380 gacatgtaca gctttggact catcctctgg gagattgcaa ggagatgtgt ttctggaggt 1440 atagtggaag aataccagct tccctatcac gacctggtgc ccagtgaccc ttcttatgag 1500 gacatgagag aaattgtgtg catgaagaag ttacggcctt cattccccaa tcgatggagc 1560 agtgatgagt gtctcaggca gatggggaag cttatgacag agtgctgggc gcagaatcct 1620 gcctccaggc tgacggccct gagagttaag aaaacccttg ccaaaatgtc agagtcccag 1680 gacattaaac tctgacgtca gatacttgtg gacagagcaa gaatttcaca gaagcatcgt 1740 tagcccaagc cttgaacgtt agcctactgc ccagtgagtt cagactttcc tggaagagag 1800 cacggtgggc agacacagag gaacccagaa acacggattc atcatggctt tctgaggagg 1860 agaaactgtt tgggtaactt gttcaagata tgatgcatgt tgctttctaa gaaagccctg 1920 tattttgaat taccattttt ttataaaaaa aa 1952 18 502 PRT Mus musculus 18 Met Leu Leu Arg Ser Ser Gly Lys Leu Asn Val Gly Thr Lys Lys Glu 1 5 10 15 Asp Gly Glu Ser Thr Ala Pro Thr Pro Arg Pro Lys Ile Leu Arg Cys 20 25 30 Lys Cys His His His Cys Pro Glu Asp Ser Val Asn Asn Ile Cys Ser 35 40 45 Thr Asp Gly Tyr Cys Phe Thr Met Ile Glu Glu Asp Asp Ser Gly Met 50 55 60 Pro Val Val Thr Ser Gly Cys Leu Gly Leu Glu Gly Ser Asp Phe Gln 65 70 75 80 Cys Arg Asp Thr Pro Ile Pro His Gln Arg Arg Ser Ile Glu Cys Cys 85 90 95 Thr Glu Arg Asn Glu Cys Asn Lys Asp Leu His Pro Thr Leu Pro Pro 100 105 110 Leu Lys Asp Arg Asp Phe Val Asp Gly Pro Ile His His Lys Ala Leu 115 120 125 Leu Ile Ser Val Thr Val Cys Ser Leu Leu Leu Val Leu Ile Ile Leu 130 135 140 Phe Cys Tyr Phe Arg Tyr Lys Arg Gln Glu Ala Arg Pro Arg Tyr Ser 145 150 155 160 Ile Gly Leu Glu Gln Asp Glu Thr Tyr Ile Pro Pro Gly Glu Ser Leu 165 170 175 Arg Asp Leu Ile Glu Gln Ser Gln Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Leu 180 185 190 Pro Leu Leu Val Gln Arg Thr Ile Ala Lys Gln Ile Gln Met Val Lys 195 200 205 Gln Ile Gly Lys Gly Arg Tyr Gly Glu Val Trp Met Gly Lys Trp Arg 210 215 220 Gly Glu Lys Val Ala Val Lys Val Phe Phe Thr Thr Glu Glu Ala Ser 225 230 235 240 Trp Phe Arg Glu Thr Glu Ile Tyr Gln Thr Val Leu Met Arg His Glu 245 250 255 Asn Ile Leu Gly Phe Ile Ala Ala Asp Ile Lys Gly Thr Gly Ser Trp 260 265 270 Thr Gln Leu Tyr Leu Ile Thr Asp Tyr His Glu Asn Gly Ser Leu Tyr 275 280 285 Asp Tyr Leu Lys Ser Thr Thr Leu Asp Ala Lys Ser Met Leu Lys Leu 290 295 300 Ala Tyr Ser Ser Val Ser Gly Leu Cys His Leu His Thr Glu Ile Phe 305 310 315 320 Ser Thr Gln Gly Lys Pro Ala Ile Ala His Arg Asp Leu Lys Ser Lys 325 330 335 Asn Ile Leu Val Lys Lys Asn Gly Thr Cys Cys Ile Ala Asp Leu Gly 340 345 350 Leu Ala Val Lys Phe Ile Ser Asp Thr Asn Glu Val Asp Ile Pro Pro 355 360 365 Asn Thr Arg Val Gly Thr Lys Arg Tyr Met Pro Pro Glu Val Leu Asp 370 375 380 Glu Ser Leu Asn Arg Asn His Phe Gln Ser Tyr Ile Met Ala Asp Met 385 390 395 400 Tyr Ser Phe Gly Leu Ile Leu Trp Glu Ile Ala Arg Arg Cys Val Ser 405 410 415 Gly Gly Ile Val Glu Glu Tyr Gln Leu Pro Tyr His Asp Leu Val Pro 420 425 430 Ser Asp Pro Ser Tyr Glu Asp Met Arg Glu Ile Val Cys Met Lys Lys 435 440 445 Leu Arg Pro Ser Phe Pro Asn Arg Trp Ser Ser Asp Glu Cys Leu Arg 450 455 460 Gln Met Gly Lys Leu Met Thr Glu Cys Trp Ala Gln Asn Pro Ala Ser 465 470 475 480 Arg Leu Thr Ala Leu Arg Val Lys Lys Thr Leu Ala Lys Met Ser Glu 485 490 495 Ser Gln Asp Ile Lys Leu 500 19 28 DNA Artificial Sequence Sense primer, extracellular domain. 19 gcggatcctg ttgtgaaggn aatatgtg 28 20 24 DNA Artificial Sequence Sense primer, kinase domain II 20 gcgatccgtc gcagtcaaaa tttt 24 21 26 DNA Artificial Sequence Sense Primer, Kinase domain VIB 21 gcggatccgc gatatattaa aagcaa 26 22 20 DNA Artificial sequence Anti-sense primer, Kinase Domain VIB 22 cggaattctg gtgccatata 20 23 37 DNA Artificial Sequence Oligonucleotide probe 23 attcaagggc acatcaactt catttgtgtc actgttg 37 24 26 DNA Artificial Sequence 5′ Oligonucleotide primer 24 gcggatccac catggcggag tcggcc 26 25 20 DNA Artificial sequence 3′ Oligonucleotide primer 25 aacaccgggc cggcgatgat 20 26 6 PRT Artificial Sequence Consensus sequence in Subdomain I 26 Gly Xaa Gly Xaa Xaa Gly 1 5 27 6 PRT Homo sapiens 27 Asp Phe Lys Ser Arg Asn 1 5 28 6 PRT Homo sapiens 28 Asp Leu Lys Ser Lys Asn 1 5 29 6 PRT Homo sapiens 29 Gly Thr Lys Arg Tyr Met 1 5 30 182 PRT Homo sapiens 30 Leu Asp Thr Leu Val Gly Lys Gly Arg Phe Ala Glu Val Tyr Lys Ala 1 5 10 15 Lys Leu Lys Gln Asn Thr Ser Glu Gln Phe Glu Thr Val Ala Val Lys 20 25 30 Ile Phe Pro Tyr Asp His Tyr Ala Ser Trp Lys Asp Arg Lys Asp Ile 35 40 45 Phe Ser Asp Ile Asn Leu Lys His Glu Asn Ile Leu Gln Phe Leu Thr 50 55 60 Ala Glu Glu Arg Lys Thr Glu Leu Gly Lys Gln Tyr Trp Leu Ile Thr 65 70 75 80 Ala Phe His Ala Lys Gly Asn Leu Gln Glu Tyr Leu Thr Arg His Val 85 90 95 Ile Ser Trp Glu Asp Leu Arg Asn Val Gly Ser Ser Leu Ala Arg Gly 100 105 110 Leu Ser His Leu His Ser Asp His Thr Pro Cys Gly Arg Pro Lys Met 115 120 125 Pro Ile Val His Arg Asp Leu Lys Ser Ser Asn Ile Leu Val Lys Asn 130 135 140 Asp Leu Thr Cys Cys Leu Cys Asp Phe Gly Leu Ser Leu Arg Leu Gly 145 150 155 160 Pro Tyr Ser Ser Val Asp Asp Leu Ala Asn Ser Gly Gln Val Gly Thr 165 170 175 Ala Arg Tyr Met Ala Pro 180 31 176 PRT Mus musculus 31 Leu Leu Glu Ile Lys Ala Arg Gly Arg Phe Gly Cys Val Trp Lys Ala 1 5 10 15 Gln Leu Met Asn Asp Phe Val Ala Val Lys Ile Phe Pro Leu Gln Asp 20 25 30 Lys Gln Ser Trp Gln Ser Glu Arg Glu Ile Phe Ser Thr Pro Gly Met 35 40 45 Lys His Glu Asn Leu Leu Gln Phe Ile Ala Ala Glu Lys Arg Gly Ser 50 55 60 Asn Leu Glu Val Glu Leu Trp Leu Ile Thr Ala Phe His Asp Lys Gly 65 70 75 80 Ser Leu Thr Asp Tyr Leu Lys Gly Asn Ile Ile Thr Trp Asn Glu Leu 85 90 95 Cys His Val Ala Glu Thr Met Ser Arg Gly Leu Ser Tyr Leu His Glu 100 105 110 Asp Val Pro Trp Cys Arg Gly Glu Gly His Lys Pro Ser Ile Ala His 115 120 125 Arg Asp Phe Lys Ser Lys Asn Val Leu Leu Lys Ser Asp Leu Thr Ala 130 135 140 Val Leu Ala Asp Phe Gly Leu Ala Val Arg Phe Glu Pro Gly Lys Pro 145 150 155 160 Pro Gly Asp Thr His Gly Gln Val Gly Thr Arg Arg Tyr Met Ala Pro 165 170 175 32 175 PRT Mus musculus 32 Leu Leu Glu Val Lys Ala Arg Gly Arg Phe Gly Cys Val Trp Lys Ala 1 5 10 15 Gln Leu Leu Asn Glu Tyr Val Ala Val Lys Ile Phe Pro Ile Gln Asp 20 25 30 Lys Gln Ser Trp Gln Asn Glu Tyr Glu Val Tyr Ser Leu Pro Gly Met 35 40 45 Lys His Glu Asn Ile Leu Gln Phe Ile Gly Ala Glu Lys Arg Gly Thr 50 55 60 Ser Val Asp Val Asp Leu Trp Leu Ile Thr Ala Phe His Glu Lys Gly 65 70 75 80 Ser Leu Ser Asp Phe Leu Lys Ala Asn Val Val Ser Trp Asn Glu Leu 85 90 95 Cys His Ile Ala Glu Thr Met Ala Arg Gly Leu Ala Tyr Leu His Glu 100 105 110 Asp Ile Pro Gly Leu Lys Asp Gly His Lys Pro Ala Ile Ser His Arg 115 120 125 Asp Ile Lys Ser Lys Asn Val Leu Leu Lys Asn Asn Leu Thr Ala Cys 130 135 140 Ile Ala Asp Phe Gly Leu Ala Leu Lys Phe Glu Ala Gly Lys Ser Ala 145 150 155 160 Gly Asp Thr His Gly Gln Val Gly Thr Arg Arg Tyr Met Ala Pro 165 170 175 33 178 PRT Caenorhabditis elegans 33 Leu Thr Gly Arg Val Gly Ser Gly Arg Phe Gly Asn Val Ser Arg Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Tyr Arg Gly Glu Ala Val Ala Val Lys Val Phe Asn Ala Leu Asp 20 25 30 Glu Pro Ala Phe His Lys Glu Thr Glu Ile Phe Glu Thr Arg Met Leu 35 40 45 Arg His Pro Asn Val Leu Arg Tyr Ile Gly Ser Asp Arg Val Asp Thr 50 55 60 Gly Phe Val Thr Glu Leu Trp Leu Val Thr Glu Tyr His Pro Ser Gly 65 70 75 80 Ser Leu His Asp Phe Leu Leu Glu Asn Thr Val Asn Ile Glu Thr Tyr 85 90 95 Tyr Asn Leu Met Arg Ser Thr Ala Ser Gly Leu Ala Phe Leu His Asn 100 105 110 Gln Ile Gly Gly Ser Lys Glu Ser Asn Lys Pro Ala Met Ala His Arg 115 120 125 Asp Ile Lys Ser Lys Asn Ile Met Val Lys Asn Asp Leu Thr Cys Ala 130 135 140 Ile Gly Asp Leu Gly Leu Ser Leu Ser Lys Pro Glu Asp Ala Ala Ser 145 150 155 160 Asp Ile Ile Ala Asn Glu Asn Tyr Lys Cys Gly Thr Val Arg Tyr Leu 165 170 175 Ala Pro 34 513 PRT Mus musculus 34 Met Gly Ala Ala Ala Lys Leu Ala Phe Ala Val Phe Leu Ile Ser Cys 1 5 10 15 Ser Ser Gly Ala Ile Leu Gly Arg Ser Glu Thr Gln Glu Cys Leu Phe 20 25 30 Phe Asn Ala Asn Trp Glu Lys Asp Arg Thr Asn Gln Thr Gly Val Glu 35 40 45 Pro Cys Tyr Gly Asp Lys Asp Lys Arg Arg His Cys Phe Ala Thr Trp 50 55 60 Lys Asn Ile Ser Gly Ser Ile Glu Ile Val Lys Gln Gly Cys Trp Leu 65 70 75 80 Asp Asp Ile Asn Cys Tyr Asp Arg Thr Asp Cys Val Glu Lys Lys Asp 85 90 95 Ser Pro Glu Val Tyr Phe Cys Cys Cys Glu Gly Asn Met Cys Asn Glu 100 105 110 Lys Phe Ser Tyr Phe Pro Glu Met Glu Val Thr Gln Pro Thr Ser Asn 115 120 125 Pro Val Thr Pro Lys Pro Pro Tyr Tyr Asn Ile Leu Leu Tyr Ser Leu 130 135 140 Val Pro Leu Met Leu Ile Ala Gly Ile Val Ile Cys Ala Phe Trp Val 145 150 155 160 Tyr Arg His His Lys Met Ala Tyr Pro Pro Val Leu Val Pro Thr Gln 165 170 175 Asp Pro Gly Pro Pro Pro Pro Ser Pro Leu Leu Gly Leu Lys Pro Leu 180 185 190 Gln Leu Leu Glu Val Lys Ala Arg Gly Arg Phe Gly Cys Val Trp Lys 195 200 205 Ala Gln Leu Leu Asn Glu Tyr Val Ala Val Lys Ile Phe Pro Ile Gln 210 215 220 Asp Lys Gln Ser Trp Gln Asn Glu Tyr Glu Val Tyr Ser Leu Pro Gly 225 230 235 240 Met Lys His Glu Asn Ile Leu Gln Phe Ile Gly Ala Glu Lys Arg Gly 245 250 255 Thr Ser Val Asp Val Asp Leu Trp Leu Ile Thr Ala Phe His Glu Lys 260 265 270 Gly Ser Leu Ser Asp Phe Leu Lys Ala Asn Val Val Ser Trp Asn Glu 275 280 285 Leu Cys His Ile Ala Glu Thr Met Ala Arg Gly Leu Ala Tyr Leu His 290 295 300 Glu Asp Ile Pro Gly Leu Lys Asp Gly His Lys Pro Ala Ile Ser His 305 310 315 320 Arg Asp Ile Lys Ser Lys Asn Val Leu Leu Lys Asn Asn Leu Thr Ala 325 330 335 Cys Ile Ala Asp Phe Gly Leu Ala Leu Lys Phe Glu Ala Gly Lys Ser 340 345 350 Ala Gly Asp Thr His Gly Gln Val Gly Thr Arg Arg Tyr Met Ala Pro 355 360 365 Glu Val Leu Glu Gly Ala Ile Asn Phe Gln Arg Asp Ala Phe Leu Arg 370 375 380 Ile Asp Met Tyr Ala Met Gly Leu Val Leu Trp Glu Leu Ala Ser Arg 385 390 395 400 Cys Thr Ala Ala Asp Gly Pro Val Asp Glu Tyr Met Leu Pro Phe Glu 405 410 415 Glu Glu Ile Gly Gln His Pro Ser Leu Glu Asp Met Gln Glu Val Val 420 425 430 Val His Lys Lys Lys Arg Pro Val Leu Arg Asp Tyr Trp Gln Lys His 435 440 445 Ala Gly Met Ala Met Leu Cys Glu Thr Ile Glu Glu Cys Trp Asp His 450 455 460 Asp Ala Glu Ala Arg Leu Ser Ala Gly Cys Val Gly Glu Arg Ile Thr 465 470 475 480 Gln Met Gln Arg Leu Thr Asn Ile Ile Thr Thr Glu Asp Ile Val Thr 485 490 495 Val Val Thr Met Val Thr Asn Val Asp Phe Pro Pro Lys Glu Ser Ser 500 505 510 Leu 35 536 PRT Mus musculus 35 Met Thr Ala Pro Trp Ala Ala Leu Ala Leu Leu Trp Gly Ser Leu Cys 1 5 10 15 Ala Gly Ser Gly Arg Gly Glu Ala Glu Thr Arg Glu Cys Ile Tyr Tyr 20 25 30 Asn Ala Asn Trp Glu Leu Glu Arg Thr Asn Gln Ser Gly Leu Glu Arg 35 40 45 Cys Glu Gly Glu Gln Asp Lys Arg Leu His Cys Tyr Ala Ser Trp Arg 50 55 60 Asn Ser Ser Gly Thr Ile Glu Leu Val Lys Lys Gly Cys Trp Leu Asp 65 70 75 80 Asp Phe Asn Cys Tyr Asp Arg Gln Glu Cys Val Ala Thr Glu Glu Asn 85 90 95 Pro Gln Val Tyr Phe Cys Cys Cys Glu Gly Asn Phe Cys Asn Glu Arg 100 105 110 Phe Thr His Leu Pro Glu Pro Gly Gly Pro Glu Val Thr Tyr Glu Pro 115 120 125 Pro Pro Thr Ala Pro Thr Leu Leu Thr Val Leu Ala Tyr Ser Leu Leu 130 135 140 Pro Ile Gly Gly Leu Ser Leu Ile Val Leu Leu Ala Phe Trp Met Tyr 145 150 155 160 Arg His Arg Lys Pro Pro Tyr Gly His Val Asp Ile His Glu Val Arg 165 170 175 Gln Cys Gln Arg Trp Ala Gly Arg Arg Asp Gly Cys Ala Asp Ser Phe 180 185 190 Lys Pro Leu Pro Phe Gln Asp Pro Gly Pro Pro Pro Pro Ser Pro Leu 195 200 205 Val Gly Leu Lys Pro Leu Gln Leu Leu Glu Ile Lys Ala Arg Gly Arg 210 215 220 Phe Gly Cys Val Trp Lys Ala Gln Leu Met Asn Asp Phe Val Ala Val 225 230 235 240 Lys Ile Phe Pro Leu Gln Asp Lys Gln Ser Trp Gln Ser Glu Arg Glu 245 250 255 Ile Phe Ser Thr Pro Gly Met Lys His Glu Asn Leu Leu Gln Phe Ile 260 265 270 Ala Ala Glu Lys Arg Gly Ser Asn Leu Glu Val Glu Leu Trp Leu Ile 275 280 285 Thr Ala Phe His Asp Lys Gly Ser Leu Thr Asp Tyr Leu Lys Gly Asn 290 295 300 Ile Ile Thr Trp Asn Glu Leu Cys His Val Ala Glu Thr Met Ser Arg 305 310 315 320 Gly Leu Ser Tyr Leu His Glu Asp Val Pro Trp Cys Arg Gly Glu Gly 325 330 335 His Lys Pro Ser Ile Ala His Arg Asp Phe Lys Ser Lys Asn Val Leu 340 345 350 Leu Lys Ser Asp Leu Thr Ala Val Leu Ala Asp Phe Gly Leu Ala Val 355 360 365 Arg Phe Glu Pro Gly Lys Pro Pro Gly Asp Thr His Gly Gln Val Gly 370 375 380 Thr Arg Arg Tyr Met Ala Pro Glu Val Leu Glu Gly Ala Ile Asn Phe 385 390 395 400 Gln Arg Asp Ala Phe Leu Arg Ile Asp Met Tyr Ala Met Gly Leu Val 405 410 415 Leu Trp Glu Leu Val Ser Arg Cys Lys Ala Ala Asp Gly Pro Val Asp 420 425 430 Glu Tyr Met Leu Pro Phe Glu Glu Glu Ile Gly Gln His Pro Ser Leu 435 440 445 Glu Glu Leu Gln Glu Val Val Val His Lys Lys Met Arg Pro Thr Ile 450 455 460 Lys Asp His Trp Leu Lys His Pro Gly Leu Ala Gln Leu Cys Val Thr 465 470 475 480 Ile Glu Glu Cys Trp Asp His Asp Ala Glu Ala Arg Leu Ser Ala Gly 485 490 495 Cys Val Glu Glu Arg Val Ser Leu Ile Arg Arg Ser Val Asn Gly Thr 500 505 510 Thr Ser Asp Cys Leu Val Ser Leu Val Thr Ser Val Thr Asn Val Asp 515 520 525 Leu Leu Pro Lys Glu Ser Ser Ile 530 535 36 567 PRT Homo sapiens 36 Met Gly Arg Gly Leu Leu Arg Gly Leu Trp Pro Leu His Ile Val Leu 1 5 10 15 Trp Thr Arg Ile Ala Ser Thr Ile Pro Pro His Val Gln Lys Ser Val 20 25 30 Asn Asn Asp Met Ile Val Thr Asp Asn Asn Gly Ala Val Lys Phe Pro 35 40 45 Gln Leu Cys Lys Phe Cys Asp Val Arg Phe Ser Thr Cys Asp Asn Gln 50 55 60 Lys Ser Cys Met Ser Asn Cys Ser Ile Thr Ser Ile Cys Glu Lys Pro 65 70 75 80 Gln Glu Val Cys Val Ala Val Trp Arg Lys Asn Asp Glu Asn Ile Thr 85 90 95 Leu Glu Thr Val Cys His Asp Pro Lys Leu Pro Tyr His Asp Phe Ile 100 105 110 Leu Glu Asp Ala Ala Ser Pro Lys Cys Ile Met Lys Glu Lys Lys Lys 115 120 125 Pro Gly Glu Thr Phe Phe Met Cys Ser Cys Ser Ser Asp Glu Cys Asn 130 135 140 Asp Asn Ile Ile Phe Ser Glu Glu Tyr Asn Thr Ser Asn Pro Asp Leu 145 150 155 160 Leu Leu Val Ile Phe Gln Val Thr Gly Ile Ser Leu Leu Pro Pro Leu 165 170 175 Gly Val Ala Ile Ser Val Ile Ile Ile Phe Tyr Cys Tyr Arg Val Asn 180 185 190 Arg Gln Gln Lys Leu Ser Ser Thr Trp Glu Thr Gly Lys Thr Arg Lys 195 200 205 Leu Met Glu Phe Ser Glu His Cys Ala Ile Ile Leu Glu Asp Asp Arg 210 215 220 Ser Asp Ile Ser Ser Thr Cys Ala Asn Asn Ile Asn His Asn Thr Glu 225 230 235 240 Leu Leu Pro Ile Glu Leu Asp Thr Leu Val Gly Lys Gly Arg Phe Ala 245 250 255 Glu Val Tyr Lys Ala Lys Leu Lys Gln Asn Thr Ser Glu Gln Phe Glu 260 265 270 Thr Val Ala Val Lys Ile Phe Pro Tyr Glu Glu Tyr Ala Ser Trp Lys 275 280 285 Thr Glu Lys Asp Ile Phe Ser Asp Ile Asn Leu Lys His Glu Asn Ile 290 295 300 Leu Gln Phe Leu Thr Ala Glu Glu Arg Lys Thr Glu Leu Gly Lys Gln 305 310 315 320 Tyr Trp Leu Ile Thr Ala Phe His Ala Lys Gly Asn Leu Gln Glu Tyr 325 330 335 Leu Thr Arg His Val Ile Ser Trp Glu Asp Leu Arg Lys Leu Gly Ser 340 345 350 Ser Leu Ala Arg Gly Ile Ala His Leu His Ser Asp His Thr Pro Cys 355 360 365 Gly Arg Pro Lys Met Pro Ile Val His Arg Asp Leu Lys Ser Ser Asn 370 375 380 Ile Leu Val Lys Asn Asp Leu Thr Cys Cys Leu Cys Asp Phe Gly Leu 385 390 395 400 Ser Leu Arg Leu Asp Pro Thr Leu Ser Val Asp Asp Leu Ala Asn Ser 405 410 415 Gly Gln Val Gly Thr Ala Arg Tyr Met Ala Pro Glu Val Leu Glu Ser 420 425 430 Arg Met Asn Leu Glu Asn Ala Glu Ser Phe Lys Gln Thr Asp Val Tyr 435 440 445 Ser Met Ala Leu Val Leu Trp Glu Met Thr Ser Arg Cys Asn Ala Val 450 455 460 Gly Glu Val Lys Asp Tyr Glu Pro Pro Phe Gly Ser Lys Val Arg Glu 465 470 475 480 His Pro Cys Val Glu Ser Met Lys Asp Asn Val Leu Arg Asp Arg Gly 485 490 495 Arg Pro Glu Ile Pro Ser Phe Trp Leu Asn His Gln Gly Ile Gln Met 500 505 510 Val Cys Glu Thr Leu Thr Glu Cys Trp Asp His Asp Pro Glu Ala Arg 515 520 525 Leu Thr Ala Gln Cys Val Ala Glu Arg Phe Ser Glu Leu Glu His Leu 530 535 540 Asp Arg Leu Ser Gly Arg Ser Cys Ser Glu Glu Lys Ile Pro Glu Asp 545 550 555 560 Gly Ser Leu Asn Thr Thr Lys 565 37 97 PRT Caenorhabditis elegans 37 Cys His Cys Ser Arg Glu Val Gly Cys Asn Ala Arg Thr Thr Gly Trp 1 5 10 15 Val Pro Gly Ile Glu Phe Leu Asn Glu Thr Asp Arg Ser Phe Tyr Glu 20 25 30 Asn Thr Cys Tyr Thr Asp Gly Ser Cys Tyr Gln Ser Ala Arg Pro Ser 35 40 45 Pro Glu Ile Ser His Phe Gly Cys Met Asp Glu Lys Ser Val Thr Asp 50 55 60 Glu Thr Glu Phe His Asp Thr Ala Ala Lys Val Cys Thr Asn Asn Thr 65 70 75 80 Lys Asp Pro His Ala Thr Val Trp Ile Cys Cys Asp Lys Gly Asn Phe 85 90 95 Cys 38 6 PRT Artificial Sequence Serine/threonine kinase consensus 38 Asp Leu Lys Pro Glu Asn 1 5 39 6 PRT Artificial Sequence Tyrosine kinase consensus 39 Asp Leu Ala Ala Arg Asn 1 5 40 6 PRT Artificial Sequence Act R-II motif 40 Asp Ile Lys Ser Lys Asn 1 5 41 6 PRT Artificial Sequence Act R-IIB motif 41 Asp Phe Lys Ser Lys Asn 1 5 42 6 PRT Artificial Sequence TaR-II motif 42 Asp Leu Lys Ser Ser Asn 1 5 43 6 PRT Artificial Sequence Artificial Peptide 43 Gly Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa 1 5 44 6 PRT Artificial Sequence Synthetic peptide 44 Xaa Pro Xaa Xaa Trp Xaa 1 5 45 6 PRT Homo sapiens 45 Gly Thr Arg Arg Tyr Met 1 5 46 6 PRT Homo sapiens 46 Gly Thr Ala Arg Tyr Met 1 5 

We claim:
 1. A method for determining if a substance inhibits TGF-β/Alk1 induced Smad1 phosphorylation comprising contacting a first sample of cells that express an Alk1 and Smad1 with said substance in the presence of TGF-β and determining if Smad1 phosphorylation is inhibited, wherein a reduced level of phosphorylation in said first sample of cells contacted with said substance in the presence of TGF-β as compared to a control sample of cells is indicative of said substance inhibiting TGF-β/Alk-1 phosphorylation of Smad1.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said substance is an antibody that binds to TGF-β.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said substance is an antibody that binds to the extracellular domain of Alk-1.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said first sample of cells that express Alk-1 are transfected with a nucleic acid molecule that encodes an Alk-1.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said first sample of cells that express Alk-1 are transfected with a nucleic acid molecule which encodes a Smad1.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein said Smad1 is a Smad1 fusion polypeptide.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein said Smad1 is fused to Flag. 